aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Documentation/trace/mmiotrace.rst
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
committerLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
commit5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 (patch)
treecc5c2d0a898769fd59549594fedb3ee6f84e59a0 /Documentation/trace/mmiotrace.rst
downloadlinux-5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2.tar.gz
linux-5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2.zip
Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ...
Diffstat (limited to '')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/trace/mmiotrace.rst184
1 files changed, 184 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/trace/mmiotrace.rst b/Documentation/trace/mmiotrace.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fed13eaea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/trace/mmiotrace.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+===================================
+In-kernel memory-mapped I/O tracing
+===================================
+
+
+Home page and links to optional user space tools:
+
+ https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/MmioTrace
+
+MMIO tracing was originally developed by Intel around 2003 for their Fault
+Injection Test Harness. In Dec 2006 - Jan 2007, using the code from Intel,
+Jeff Muizelaar created a tool for tracing MMIO accesses with the Nouveau
+project in mind. Since then many people have contributed.
+
+Mmiotrace was built for reverse engineering any memory-mapped IO device with
+the Nouveau project as the first real user. Only x86 and x86_64 architectures
+are supported.
+
+Out-of-tree mmiotrace was originally modified for mainline inclusion and
+ftrace framework by Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>.
+
+
+Preparation
+-----------
+
+Mmiotrace feature is compiled in by the CONFIG_MMIOTRACE option. Tracing is
+disabled by default, so it is safe to have this set to yes. SMP systems are
+supported, but tracing is unreliable and may miss events if more than one CPU
+is on-line, therefore mmiotrace takes all but one CPU off-line during run-time
+activation. You can re-enable CPUs by hand, but you have been warned, there
+is no way to automatically detect if you are losing events due to CPUs racing.
+
+
+Usage Quick Reference
+---------------------
+::
+
+ $ mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug
+ $ echo mmiotrace > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe > mydump.txt &
+ Start X or whatever.
+ $ echo "X is up" > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker
+ $ echo nop > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
+ Check for lost events.
+
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Make sure debugfs is mounted to /sys/kernel/debug.
+If not (requires root privileges)::
+
+ $ mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug
+
+Check that the driver you are about to trace is not loaded.
+
+Activate mmiotrace (requires root privileges)::
+
+ $ echo mmiotrace > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
+
+Start storing the trace::
+
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe > mydump.txt &
+
+The 'cat' process should stay running (sleeping) in the background.
+
+Load the driver you want to trace and use it. Mmiotrace will only catch MMIO
+accesses to areas that are ioremapped while mmiotrace is active.
+
+During tracing you can place comments (markers) into the trace by
+$ echo "X is up" > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker
+This makes it easier to see which part of the (huge) trace corresponds to
+which action. It is recommended to place descriptive markers about what you
+do.
+
+Shut down mmiotrace (requires root privileges)::
+
+ $ echo nop > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
+
+The 'cat' process exits. If it does not, kill it by issuing 'fg' command and
+pressing ctrl+c.
+
+Check that mmiotrace did not lose events due to a buffer filling up. Either::
+
+ $ grep -i lost mydump.txt
+
+which tells you exactly how many events were lost, or use::
+
+ $ dmesg
+
+to view your kernel log and look for "mmiotrace has lost events" warning. If
+events were lost, the trace is incomplete. You should enlarge the buffers and
+try again. Buffers are enlarged by first seeing how large the current buffers
+are::
+
+ $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/buffer_size_kb
+
+gives you a number. Approximately double this number and write it back, for
+instance::
+
+ $ echo 128000 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/buffer_size_kb
+
+Then start again from the top.
+
+If you are doing a trace for a driver project, e.g. Nouveau, you should also
+do the following before sending your results::
+
+ $ lspci -vvv > lspci.txt
+ $ dmesg > dmesg.txt
+ $ tar zcf pciid-nick-mmiotrace.tar.gz mydump.txt lspci.txt dmesg.txt
+
+and then send the .tar.gz file. The trace compresses considerably. Replace
+"pciid" and "nick" with the PCI ID or model name of your piece of hardware
+under investigation and your nickname.
+
+
+How Mmiotrace Works
+-------------------
+
+Access to hardware IO-memory is gained by mapping addresses from PCI bus by
+calling one of the ioremap_*() functions. Mmiotrace is hooked into the
+__ioremap() function and gets called whenever a mapping is created. Mapping is
+an event that is recorded into the trace log. Note that ISA range mappings
+are not caught, since the mapping always exists and is returned directly.
+
+MMIO accesses are recorded via page faults. Just before __ioremap() returns,
+the mapped pages are marked as not present. Any access to the pages causes a
+fault. The page fault handler calls mmiotrace to handle the fault. Mmiotrace
+marks the page present, sets TF flag to achieve single stepping and exits the
+fault handler. The instruction that faulted is executed and debug trap is
+entered. Here mmiotrace again marks the page as not present. The instruction
+is decoded to get the type of operation (read/write), data width and the value
+read or written. These are stored to the trace log.
+
+Setting the page present in the page fault handler has a race condition on SMP
+machines. During the single stepping other CPUs may run freely on that page
+and events can be missed without a notice. Re-enabling other CPUs during
+tracing is discouraged.
+
+
+Trace Log Format
+----------------
+
+The raw log is text and easily filtered with e.g. grep and awk. One record is
+one line in the log. A record starts with a keyword, followed by keyword-
+dependent arguments. Arguments are separated by a space, or continue until the
+end of line. The format for version 20070824 is as follows:
+
+Explanation Keyword Space-separated arguments
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+read event R width, timestamp, map id, physical, value, PC, PID
+write event W width, timestamp, map id, physical, value, PC, PID
+ioremap event MAP timestamp, map id, physical, virtual, length, PC, PID
+iounmap event UNMAP timestamp, map id, PC, PID
+marker MARK timestamp, text
+version VERSION the string "20070824"
+info for reader LSPCI one line from lspci -v
+PCI address map PCIDEV space-separated /proc/bus/pci/devices data
+unk. opcode UNKNOWN timestamp, map id, physical, data, PC, PID
+
+Timestamp is in seconds with decimals. Physical is a PCI bus address, virtual
+is a kernel virtual address. Width is the data width in bytes and value is the
+data value. Map id is an arbitrary id number identifying the mapping that was
+used in an operation. PC is the program counter and PID is process id. PC is
+zero if it is not recorded. PID is always zero as tracing MMIO accesses
+originating in user space memory is not yet supported.
+
+For instance, the following awk filter will pass all 32-bit writes that target
+physical addresses in the range [0xfb73ce40, 0xfb800000]
+::
+
+ $ awk '/W 4 / { adr=strtonum($5); if (adr >= 0xfb73ce40 &&
+ adr < 0xfb800000) print; }'
+
+
+Tools for Developers
+--------------------
+
+The user space tools include utilities for:
+ - replacing numeric addresses and values with hardware register names
+ - replaying MMIO logs, i.e., re-executing the recorded writes
+
+