Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 616 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sound/core/pcm_misc.c b/sound/core/pcm_misc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5588b6a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/core/pcm_misc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+/*
+ *  PCM Interface - misc routines
+ *  Copyright (c) 1998 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
+ *
+ *
+ *   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
+ *   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+ *   the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ *   License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+  
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+
+#include "pcm_local.h"
+
+#define SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN (-1)
+
+/* NOTE: "signed" prefix must be given below since the default char is
+ *       unsigned on some architectures!
+ */
+struct pcm_format_data {
+	unsigned char width;	/* bit width */
+	unsigned char phys;	/* physical bit width */
+	signed char le;	/* 0 = big-endian, 1 = little-endian, -1 = others */
+	signed char signd;	/* 0 = unsigned, 1 = signed, -1 = others */
+	unsigned char silence[8];	/* silence data to fill */
+};
+
+/* we do lots of calculations on snd_pcm_format_t; shut up sparse */
+#define INT	__force int
+
+static bool valid_format(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	return (INT)format >= 0 && (INT)format <= (INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST;
+}
+
+static const struct pcm_format_data pcm_formats[(INT)SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST+1] = {
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8] = {
+		.width = 8, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8] = {
+		.width = 8, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x80 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE] = {
+		.width = 16, .phys = 16, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE] = {
+		.width = 16, .phys = 16, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE] = {
+		.width = 16, .phys = 16, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x80 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE] = {
+		.width = 16, .phys = 16, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x80, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x80 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE] = {
+		.width = 64, .phys = 64, .le = 1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE] = {
+		.width = 64, .phys = 64, .le = 0, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_BE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW] = {
+		.width = 8, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = { 0x7f },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW] = {
+		.width = 8, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = { 0x55 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM] = {
+		.width = 4, .phys = 4, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24] = {
+		.width = 3, .phys = 3, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40] = {
+		.width = 5, .phys = 5, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8] = {
+		.width = 8, .phys = 8, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x69 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE] = {
+		.width = 16, .phys = 16, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x69, 0x69 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x69, 0x69, 0x69, 0x69 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_BE] = {
+		.width = 16, .phys = 16, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x69, 0x69 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE] = {
+		.width = 32, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x69, 0x69, 0x69, 0x69 },
+	},
+	/* FIXME: the following two formats are not defined properly yet */
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG] = {
+		.le = -1, .signd = -1,
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_GSM] = {
+		.le = -1, .signd = -1,
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_LE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_BE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_LE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 32, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_BE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 32, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00 },
+	},
+	/* FIXME: the following format is not defined properly yet */
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_SPECIAL] = {
+		.le = -1, .signd = -1,
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 24, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 24, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 24, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x80 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE] = {
+		.width = 24, .phys = 24, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x80, 0x00, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 24, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3BE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 24, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3LE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 24, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x08 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3BE] = {
+		.width = 20, .phys = 24, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x08, 0x00, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3LE] = {
+		.width = 18, .phys = 24, .le = 1, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3BE] = {
+		.width = 18, .phys = 24, .le = 0, .signd = 1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3LE] = {
+		.width = 18, .phys = 24, .le = 1, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x02 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3BE] = {
+		.width = 18, .phys = 24, .le = 0, .signd = 0,
+		.silence = { 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 },
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24_1B] = {
+		.width = 3, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+	[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40_1B] = {
+		.width = 5, .phys = 8, .le = -1, .signd = -1,
+		.silence = {},
+	},
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_signed - Check the PCM format is signed linear
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if the given PCM format is signed linear, 0 if unsigned
+ * linear, and a negative error code for non-linear formats.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_signed(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	int val;
+	if (!valid_format(format))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].signd;
+	if (val < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return val;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_signed);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_unsigned - Check the PCM format is unsigned linear
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if the given PCM format is unsigned linear, 0 if signed
+ * linear, and a negative error code for non-linear formats.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_unsigned(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	int val;
+
+	val = snd_pcm_format_signed(format);
+	if (val < 0)
+		return val;
+	return !val;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_unsigned);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_linear - Check the PCM format is linear
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if the given PCM format is linear, 0 if not.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_linear(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_format_signed(format) >= 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_linear);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_little_endian - Check the PCM format is little-endian
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if the given PCM format is little-endian, 0 if
+ * big-endian, or a negative error code if endian not specified.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_little_endian(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	int val;
+	if (!valid_format(format))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].le;
+	if (val < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return val;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_little_endian);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_big_endian - Check the PCM format is big-endian
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if the given PCM format is big-endian, 0 if
+ * little-endian, or a negative error code if endian not specified.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_big_endian(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	int val;
+
+	val = snd_pcm_format_little_endian(format);
+	if (val < 0)
+		return val;
+	return !val;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_big_endian);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_width - return the bit-width of the format
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: The bit-width of the format, or a negative error code
+ * if unknown format.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_width(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	int val;
+	if (!valid_format(format))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].width;
+	if (!val)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return val;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_width);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_physical_width - return the physical bit-width of the format
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: The physical bit-width of the format, or a negative error code
+ * if unknown format.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_physical_width(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	int val;
+	if (!valid_format(format))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	val = pcm_formats[(INT)format].phys;
+	if (!val)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return val;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_physical_width);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_size - return the byte size of samples on the given format
+ * @format: the format to check
+ * @samples: sampling rate
+ *
+ * Return: The byte size of the given samples for the format, or a
+ * negative error code if unknown format.
+ */
+ssize_t snd_pcm_format_size(snd_pcm_format_t format, size_t samples)
+{
+	int phys_width = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(format);
+	if (phys_width < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return samples * phys_width / 8;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_size);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_silence_64 - return the silent data in 8 bytes array
+ * @format: the format to check
+ *
+ * Return: The format pattern to fill or %NULL if error.
+ */
+const unsigned char *snd_pcm_format_silence_64(snd_pcm_format_t format)
+{
+	if (!valid_format(format))
+		return NULL;
+	if (! pcm_formats[(INT)format].phys)
+		return NULL;
+	return pcm_formats[(INT)format].silence;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_silence_64);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_format_set_silence - set the silence data on the buffer
+ * @format: the PCM format
+ * @data: the buffer pointer
+ * @samples: the number of samples to set silence
+ *
+ * Sets the silence data on the buffer for the given samples.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_format_set_silence(snd_pcm_format_t format, void *data, unsigned int samples)
+{
+	int width;
+	unsigned char *dst;
+	const unsigned char *pat;
+
+	if (!valid_format(format))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	if (samples == 0)
+		return 0;
+	width = pcm_formats[(INT)format].phys; /* physical width */
+	pat = pcm_formats[(INT)format].silence;
+	if (!width || !pat)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	/* signed or 1 byte data */
+	if (pcm_formats[(INT)format].signd == 1 || width <= 8) {
+		unsigned int bytes = samples * width / 8;
+		memset(data, *pat, bytes);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* non-zero samples, fill using a loop */
+	width /= 8;
+	dst = data;
+#if 0
+	while (samples--) {
+		memcpy(dst, pat, width);
+		dst += width;
+	}
+#else
+	/* a bit optimization for constant width */
+	switch (width) {
+	case 2:
+		while (samples--) {
+			memcpy(dst, pat, 2);
+			dst += 2;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		while (samples--) {
+			memcpy(dst, pat, 3);
+			dst += 3;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		while (samples--) {
+			memcpy(dst, pat, 4);
+			dst += 4;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		while (samples--) {
+			memcpy(dst, pat, 8);
+			dst += 8;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_format_set_silence);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_hw_limit_rates - determine rate_min/rate_max fields
+ * @hw: the pcm hw instance
+ *
+ * Determines the rate_min and rate_max fields from the rates bits of
+ * the given hw.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_hw_limit_rates(struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < (int)snd_pcm_known_rates.count; i++) {
+		if (hw->rates & (1 << i)) {
+			hw->rate_min = snd_pcm_known_rates.list[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	for (i = (int)snd_pcm_known_rates.count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		if (hw->rates & (1 << i)) {
+			hw->rate_max = snd_pcm_known_rates.list[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_hw_limit_rates);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit - converts sample rate to SNDRV_PCM_RATE_xxx bit
+ * @rate: the sample rate to convert
+ *
+ * Return: The SNDRV_PCM_RATE_xxx flag that corresponds to the given rate, or
+ * SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT for an unknown rate.
+ */
+unsigned int snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < snd_pcm_known_rates.count; i++)
+		if (snd_pcm_known_rates.list[i] == rate)
+			return 1u << i;
+	return SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_rate_to_rate_bit);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_rate_bit_to_rate - converts SNDRV_PCM_RATE_xxx bit to sample rate
+ * @rate_bit: the rate bit to convert
+ *
+ * Return: The sample rate that corresponds to the given SNDRV_PCM_RATE_xxx flag
+ * or 0 for an unknown rate bit.
+ */
+unsigned int snd_pcm_rate_bit_to_rate(unsigned int rate_bit)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < snd_pcm_known_rates.count; i++)
+		if ((1u << i) == rate_bit)
+			return snd_pcm_known_rates.list[i];
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_rate_bit_to_rate);
+
+static unsigned int snd_pcm_rate_mask_sanitize(unsigned int rates)
+{
+	if (rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)
+		return SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS;
+	else if (rates & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT)
+		return SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT;
+	return rates;
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_rate_mask_intersect - computes the intersection between two rate masks
+ * @rates_a: The first rate mask
+ * @rates_b: The second rate mask
+ *
+ * This function computes the rates that are supported by both rate masks passed
+ * to the function. It will take care of the special handling of
+ * SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS and SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT.
+ *
+ * Return: A rate mask containing the rates that are supported by both rates_a
+ * and rates_b.
+ */
+unsigned int snd_pcm_rate_mask_intersect(unsigned int rates_a,
+	unsigned int rates_b)
+{
+	rates_a = snd_pcm_rate_mask_sanitize(rates_a);
+	rates_b = snd_pcm_rate_mask_sanitize(rates_b);
+
+	if (rates_a & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)
+		return rates_b;
+	else if (rates_b & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS)
+		return rates_a;
+	else if (rates_a & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT)
+		return rates_b;
+	else if (rates_b & SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT)
+		return rates_a;
+	return rates_a & rates_b;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_rate_mask_intersect);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_rate_range_to_bits - converts rate range to SNDRV_PCM_RATE_xxx bit
+ * @rate_min: the minimum sample rate
+ * @rate_max: the maximum sample rate
+ *
+ * This function has an implicit assumption: the rates in the given range have
+ * only the pre-defined rates like 44100 or 16000.
+ *
+ * Return: The SNDRV_PCM_RATE_xxx flag that corresponds to the given rate range,
+ * or SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT for an unknown range.
+ */
+unsigned int snd_pcm_rate_range_to_bits(unsigned int rate_min,
+	unsigned int rate_max)
+{
+	unsigned int rates = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < snd_pcm_known_rates.count; i++) {
+		if (snd_pcm_known_rates.list[i] >= rate_min
+			&& snd_pcm_known_rates.list[i] <= rate_max)
+			rates |= 1 << i;
+	}
+
+	if (!rates)
+		rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT;
+
+	return rates;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_rate_range_to_bits);