From 5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linus Torvalds Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2023 18:24:12 -0800 Subject: Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ... --- Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst | 294 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 294 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a178ef01 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks +==================================== + +Documentation for sysrq.c + +What is the magic SysRq key? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +It is a 'magical' key combo you can hit which the kernel will respond to +regardless of whatever else it is doing, unless it is completely locked up. + +How do I enable the magic SysRq key? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +You need to say "yes" to 'Magic SysRq key (CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ)' when +configuring the kernel. When running a kernel with SysRq compiled in, +/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq controls the functions allowed to be invoked via +the SysRq key. The default value in this file is set by the +CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE config symbol, which itself defaults +to 1. Here is the list of possible values in /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq: + + - 0 - disable sysrq completely + - 1 - enable all functions of sysrq + - >1 - bitmask of allowed sysrq functions (see below for detailed function + description):: + + 2 = 0x2 - enable control of console logging level + 4 = 0x4 - enable control of keyboard (SAK, unraw) + 8 = 0x8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc. + 16 = 0x10 - enable sync command + 32 = 0x20 - enable remount read-only + 64 = 0x40 - enable signalling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill) + 128 = 0x80 - allow reboot/poweroff + 256 = 0x100 - allow nicing of all RT tasks + +You can set the value in the file by the following command:: + + echo "number" >/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq + +The number may be written here either as decimal or as hexadecimal +with the 0x prefix. CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ_DEFAULT_ENABLE must always be +written in hexadecimal. + +Note that the value of ``/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq`` influences only the invocation +via a keyboard. Invocation of any operation via ``/proc/sysrq-trigger`` is +always allowed (by a user with admin privileges). + +How do I use the magic SysRq key? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +On x86 + You press the key combo :kbd:`ALT-SysRq-`. + + .. note:: + Some + keyboards may not have a key labeled 'SysRq'. The 'SysRq' key is + also known as the 'Print Screen' key. Also some keyboards cannot + handle so many keys being pressed at the same time, so you might + have better luck with press :kbd:`Alt`, press :kbd:`SysRq`, + release :kbd:`SysRq`, press :kbd:``, release everything. + +On SPARC + You press :kbd:`ALT-STOP-`, I believe. + +On the serial console (PC style standard serial ports only) + You send a ``BREAK``, then within 5 seconds a command key. Sending + ``BREAK`` twice is interpreted as a normal BREAK. + +On PowerPC + Press :kbd:`ALT - Print Screen` (or :kbd:`F13`) - :kbd:``. + :kbd:`Print Screen` (or :kbd:`F13`) - :kbd:`` may suffice. + +On other + If you know of the key combos for other architectures, please + submit a patch to be included in this section. + +On all + Write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.:: + + echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger + +The :kbd:`` is case sensitive. + +What are the 'command' keys? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +=========== =================================================================== +Command Function +=========== =================================================================== +``b`` Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting + your disks. + +``c`` Will perform a system crash and a crashdump will be taken + if configured. + +``d`` Shows all locks that are held. + +``e`` Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init. + +``f`` Will call the oom killer to kill a memory hog process, but do not + panic if nothing can be killed. + +``g`` Used by kgdb (kernel debugger) + +``h`` Will display help (actually any other key than those listed + here will display help. but ``h`` is easy to remember :-) + +``i`` Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init. + +``j`` Forcibly "Just thaw it" - filesystems frozen by the FIFREEZE ioctl. + +``k`` Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual + console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section. + +``l`` Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs. + +``m`` Will dump current memory info to your console. + +``n`` Used to make RT tasks nice-able + +``o`` Will shut your system off (if configured and supported). + +``p`` Will dump the current registers and flags to your console. + +``q`` Will dump per CPU lists of all armed hrtimers (but NOT regular + timer_list timers) and detailed information about all + clockevent devices. + +``r`` Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE. + +``s`` Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems. + +``t`` Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your + console. + +``u`` Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only. + +``v`` Forcefully restores framebuffer console +``v`` Causes ETM buffer dump [ARM-specific] + +``w`` Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state. + +``x`` Used by xmon interface on ppc/powerpc platforms. + Show global PMU Registers on sparc64. + Dump all TLB entries on MIPS. + +``y`` Show global CPU Registers [SPARC-64 specific] + +``z`` Dump the ftrace buffer + +``0``-``9`` Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages + will be printed to your console. (``0``, for example would make + it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would + make it to your console.) +=========== =================================================================== + +Okay, so what can I use them for? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Well, unraw(r) is very handy when your X server or a svgalib program crashes. + +sak(k) (Secure Access Key) is useful when you want to be sure there is no +trojan program running at console which could grab your password +when you would try to login. It will kill all programs on given console, +thus letting you make sure that the login prompt you see is actually +the one from init, not some trojan program. + +.. important:: + + In its true form it is not a true SAK like the one in a + c2 compliant system, and it should not be mistaken as + such. + +It seems others find it useful as (System Attention Key) which is +useful when you want to exit a program that will not let you switch consoles. +(For example, X or a svgalib program.) + +``reboot(b)`` is good when you're unable to shut down, it is an equivalent +of pressing the "reset" button. + +``crash(c)`` can be used to manually trigger a crashdump when the system is hung. +Note that this just triggers a crash if there is no dump mechanism available. + +``sync(s)`` is handy before yanking removable medium or after using a rescue +shell that provides no graceful shutdown -- it will ensure your data is +safely written to the disk. Note that the sync hasn't taken place until you see +the "OK" and "Done" appear on the screen. + +``umount(u)`` can be used to mark filesystems as properly unmounted. From the +running system's point of view, they will be remounted read-only. The remount +isn't complete until you see the "OK" and "Done" message appear on the screen. + +The loglevels ``0``-``9`` are useful when your console is being flooded with +kernel messages you do not want to see. Selecting ``0`` will prevent all but +the most urgent kernel messages from reaching your console. (They will +still be logged if syslogd/klogd are alive, though.) + +``term(e)`` and ``kill(i)`` are useful if you have some sort of runaway process +you are unable to kill any other way, especially if it's spawning other +processes. + +"just thaw ``it(j)``" is useful if your system becomes unresponsive due to a +frozen (probably root) filesystem via the FIFREEZE ioctl. + +Sometimes SysRq seems to get 'stuck' after using it, what can I do? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +When this happens, try tapping shift, alt and control on both sides of the +keyboard, and hitting an invalid sysrq sequence again. (i.e., something like +:kbd:`alt-sysrq-z`). + +Switching to another virtual console (:kbd:`ALT+Fn`) and then back again +should also help. + +I hit SysRq, but nothing seems to happen, what's wrong? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +There are some keyboards that produce a different keycode for SysRq than the +pre-defined value of 99 +(see ``KEY_SYSRQ`` in ``include/uapi/linux/input-event-codes.h``), or +which don't have a SysRq key at all. In these cases, run ``showkey -s`` to find +an appropriate scancode sequence, and use ``setkeycodes 99`` to map +this sequence to the usual SysRq code (e.g., ``setkeycodes e05b 99``). It's +probably best to put this command in a boot script. Oh, and by the way, you +exit ``showkey`` by not typing anything for ten seconds. + +I want to add SysRQ key events to a module, how does it work? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In order to register a basic function with the table, you must first include +the header ``include/linux/sysrq.h``, this will define everything else you need. +Next, you must create a ``sysrq_key_op`` struct, and populate it with A) the key +handler function you will use, B) a help_msg string, that will print when SysRQ +prints help, and C) an action_msg string, that will print right before your +handler is called. Your handler must conform to the prototype in 'sysrq.h'. + +After the ``sysrq_key_op`` is created, you can call the kernel function +``register_sysrq_key(int key, const struct sysrq_key_op *op_p);`` this will +register the operation pointed to by ``op_p`` at table key 'key', +if that slot in the table is blank. At module unload time, you must call +the function ``unregister_sysrq_key(int key, const struct sysrq_key_op *op_p)``, +which will remove the key op pointed to by 'op_p' from the key 'key', if and +only if it is currently registered in that slot. This is in case the slot has +been overwritten since you registered it. + +The Magic SysRQ system works by registering key operations against a key op +lookup table, which is defined in 'drivers/tty/sysrq.c'. This key table has +a number of operations registered into it at compile time, but is mutable, +and 2 functions are exported for interface to it:: + + register_sysrq_key and unregister_sysrq_key. + +Of course, never ever leave an invalid pointer in the table. I.e., when +your module that called register_sysrq_key() exits, it must call +unregister_sysrq_key() to clean up the sysrq key table entry that it used. +Null pointers in the table are always safe. :) + +If for some reason you feel the need to call the handle_sysrq function from +within a function called by handle_sysrq, you must be aware that you are in +a lock (you are also in an interrupt handler, which means don't sleep!), so +you must call ``__handle_sysrq_nolock`` instead. + +When I hit a SysRq key combination only the header appears on the console? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Sysrq output is subject to the same console loglevel control as all +other console output. This means that if the kernel was booted 'quiet' +as is common on distro kernels the output may not appear on the actual +console, even though it will appear in the dmesg buffer, and be accessible +via the dmesg command and to the consumers of ``/proc/kmsg``. As a specific +exception the header line from the sysrq command is passed to all console +consumers as if the current loglevel was maximum. If only the header +is emitted it is almost certain that the kernel loglevel is too low. +Should you require the output on the console channel then you will need +to temporarily up the console loglevel using :kbd:`alt-sysrq-8` or:: + + echo 8 > /proc/sysrq-trigger + +Remember to return the loglevel to normal after triggering the sysrq +command you are interested in. + +I have more questions, who can I ask? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Just ask them on the linux-kernel mailing list: + linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org + +Credits +~~~~~~~ + +- Written by Mydraal +- Updated by Adam Sulmicki +- Updated by Jeremy M. Dolan 2001/01/28 10:15:59 +- Added to by Crutcher Dunnavant -- cgit v1.2.3