From 5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linus Torvalds Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2023 18:24:12 -0800 Subject: Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ... --- Documentation/networking/statistics.rst | 221 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 221 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/networking/statistics.rst (limited to 'Documentation/networking/statistics.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/networking/statistics.rst b/Documentation/networking/statistics.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..551b3cc29 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/networking/statistics.rst @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +==================== +Interface statistics +==================== + +Overview +======== + +This document is a guide to Linux network interface statistics. + +There are three main sources of interface statistics in Linux: + + - standard interface statistics based on + :c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 `; + - protocol-specific statistics; and + - driver-defined statistics available via ethtool. + +Standard interface statistics +----------------------------- + +There are multiple interfaces to reach the standard statistics. +Most commonly used is the `ip` command from `iproute2`:: + + $ ip -s -s link show dev ens4u1u1 + 6: ens4u1u1: mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 48:2a:e3:4c:b1:d1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast + 74327665117 69016965 0 0 0 0 + RX errors: length crc frame fifo missed + 0 0 0 0 0 + TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns + 21405556176 44608960 0 0 0 0 + TX errors: aborted fifo window heartbeat transns + 0 0 0 0 128 + altname enp58s0u1u1 + +Note that `-s` has been specified twice to see all members of +:c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 `. +If `-s` is specified once the detailed errors won't be shown. + +`ip` supports JSON formatting via the `-j` option. + +Protocol-specific statistics +---------------------------- + +Protocol-specific statistics are exposed via relevant interfaces, +the same interfaces as are used to configure them. + +ethtool +~~~~~~~ + +Ethtool exposes common low-level statistics. +All the standard statistics are expected to be maintained +by the device, not the driver (as opposed to driver-defined stats +described in the next section which mix software and hardware stats). +For devices which contain unmanaged +switches (e.g. legacy SR-IOV or multi-host NICs) the events counted +may not pertain exclusively to the packets destined to +the local host interface. In other words the events may +be counted at the network port (MAC/PHY blocks) without separation +for different host side (PCIe) devices. Such ambiguity must not +be present when internal switch is managed by Linux (so called +switchdev mode for NICs). + +Standard ethtool statistics can be accessed via the interfaces used +for configuration. For example ethtool interface used +to configure pause frames can report corresponding hardware counters:: + + $ ethtool --include-statistics -a eth0 + Pause parameters for eth0: + Autonegotiate: on + RX: on + TX: on + Statistics: + tx_pause_frames: 1 + rx_pause_frames: 1 + +General Ethernet statistics not associated with any particular +functionality are exposed via ``ethtool -S $ifc`` by specifying +the ``--groups`` parameter:: + + $ ethtool -S eth0 --groups eth-phy eth-mac eth-ctrl rmon + Stats for eth0: + eth-phy-SymbolErrorDuringCarrier: 0 + eth-mac-FramesTransmittedOK: 1 + eth-mac-FrameTooLongErrors: 1 + eth-ctrl-MACControlFramesTransmitted: 1 + eth-ctrl-MACControlFramesReceived: 0 + eth-ctrl-UnsupportedOpcodesReceived: 1 + rmon-etherStatsUndersizePkts: 1 + rmon-etherStatsJabbers: 0 + rmon-rx-etherStatsPkts64Octets: 1 + rmon-rx-etherStatsPkts65to127Octets: 0 + rmon-rx-etherStatsPkts128to255Octets: 0 + rmon-tx-etherStatsPkts64Octets: 2 + rmon-tx-etherStatsPkts65to127Octets: 3 + rmon-tx-etherStatsPkts128to255Octets: 0 + +Driver-defined statistics +------------------------- + +Driver-defined ethtool statistics can be dumped using `ethtool -S $ifc`, e.g.:: + + $ ethtool -S ens4u1u1 + NIC statistics: + tx_single_collisions: 0 + tx_multi_collisions: 0 + +uAPIs +===== + +procfs +------ + +The historical `/proc/net/dev` text interface gives access to the list +of interfaces as well as their statistics. + +Note that even though this interface is using +:c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 ` +internally it combines some of the fields. + +sysfs +----- + +Each device directory in sysfs contains a `statistics` directory (e.g. +`/sys/class/net/lo/statistics/`) with files corresponding to +members of :c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 `. + +This simple interface is convenient especially in constrained/embedded +environments without access to tools. However, it's inefficient when +reading multiple stats as it internally performs a full dump of +:c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 ` +and reports only the stat corresponding to the accessed file. + +Sysfs files are documented in +`Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-net-statistics`. + + +netlink +------- + +`rtnetlink` (`NETLINK_ROUTE`) is the preferred method of accessing +:c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 ` stats. + +Statistics are reported both in the responses to link information +requests (`RTM_GETLINK`) and statistic requests (`RTM_GETSTATS`, +when `IFLA_STATS_LINK_64` bit is set in the `.filter_mask` of the request). + +ethtool +------- + +Ethtool IOCTL interface allows drivers to report implementation +specific statistics. Historically it has also been used to report +statistics for which other APIs did not exist, like per-device-queue +statistics, or standard-based statistics (e.g. RFC 2863). + +Statistics and their string identifiers are retrieved separately. +Identifiers via `ETHTOOL_GSTRINGS` with `string_set` set to `ETH_SS_STATS`, +and values via `ETHTOOL_GSTATS`. User space should use `ETHTOOL_GDRVINFO` +to retrieve the number of statistics (`.n_stats`). + +ethtool-netlink +--------------- + +Ethtool netlink is a replacement for the older IOCTL interface. + +Protocol-related statistics can be requested in get commands by setting +the `ETHTOOL_FLAG_STATS` flag in `ETHTOOL_A_HEADER_FLAGS`. Currently +statistics are supported in the following commands: + + - `ETHTOOL_MSG_PAUSE_GET` + - `ETHTOOL_MSG_FEC_GET` + - `ETHTOOL_MSG_MM_GET` + +debugfs +------- + +Some drivers expose extra statistics via `debugfs`. + +struct rtnl_link_stats64 +======================== + +.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/if_link.h + :identifiers: rtnl_link_stats64 + +Notes for driver authors +======================== + +Drivers should report all statistics which have a matching member in +:c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 ` exclusively +via `.ndo_get_stats64`. Reporting such standard stats via ethtool +or debugfs will not be accepted. + +Drivers must ensure best possible compliance with +:c:type:`struct rtnl_link_stats64 `. +Please note for example that detailed error statistics must be +added into the general `rx_error` / `tx_error` counters. + +The `.ndo_get_stats64` callback can not sleep because of accesses +via `/proc/net/dev`. If driver may sleep when retrieving the statistics +from the device it should do so periodically asynchronously and only return +a recent copy from `.ndo_get_stats64`. Ethtool interrupt coalescing interface +allows setting the frequency of refreshing statistics, if needed. + +Retrieving ethtool statistics is a multi-syscall process, drivers are advised +to keep the number of statistics constant to avoid race conditions with +user space trying to read them. + +Statistics must persist across routine operations like bringing the interface +down and up. + +Kernel-internal data structures +------------------------------- + +The following structures are internal to the kernel, their members are +translated to netlink attributes when dumped. Drivers must not overwrite +the statistics they don't report with 0. + +- ethtool_pause_stats() +- ethtool_fec_stats() -- cgit v1.2.3