From 5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linus Torvalds Date: Tue, 21 Feb 2023 18:24:12 -0800 Subject: Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ... --- .../media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst | 180 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 180 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst (limited to 'Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c8bf160e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/libv4l-introduction.rst @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later +.. c:namespace:: V4L + +.. _libv4l-introduction: + +************ +Introduction +************ + +libv4l is a collection of libraries which adds a thin abstraction layer +on top of video4linux2 devices. The purpose of this (thin) layer is to +make it easy for application writers to support a wide variety of +devices without having to write separate code for different devices in +the same class. + +An example of using libv4l is provided by +:ref:`v4l2grab `. + +libv4l consists of 3 different libraries: + +libv4lconvert +============= + +libv4lconvert is a library that converts several different pixelformats +found in V4L2 drivers into a few common RGB and YUY formats. + +It currently accepts the following V4L2 driver formats: +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_16L16 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_MR97310A `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV511 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_OV518 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C20X_I420 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA501 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA505 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA508 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SPCA561 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SQ905C `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB8 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 `, and +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU `. + +Later on libv4lconvert was expanded to also be able to do various video +processing functions to improve webcam video quality. The video +processing is split in to 2 parts: libv4lconvert/control and +libv4lconvert/processing. + +The control part is used to offer video controls which can be used to +control the video processing functions made available by +libv4lconvert/processing. These controls are stored application wide +(until reboot) by using a persistent shared memory object. + +libv4lconvert/processing offers the actual video processing +functionality. + +libv4l1 +======= + +This library offers functions that can be used to quickly make v4l1 +applications work with v4l2 devices. These functions work exactly like +the normal open/close/etc, except that libv4l1 does full emulation of +the v4l1 api on top of v4l2 drivers, in case of v4l1 drivers it will +just pass calls through. + +Since those functions are emulations of the old V4L1 API, it shouldn't +be used for new applications. + +libv4l2 +======= + +This library should be used for all modern V4L2 applications. + +It provides handles to call V4L2 open/ioctl/close/poll methods. Instead +of just providing the raw output of the device, it enhances the calls in +the sense that it will use libv4lconvert to provide more video formats +and to enhance the image quality. + +In most cases, libv4l2 just passes the calls directly through to the +v4l2 driver, intercepting the calls to +:ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT `, +:ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT `, +:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT `, +:ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES ` and +:ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS ` in +order to emulate the formats +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24 `, +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 `, and +:ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 `, if they aren't +available in the driver. :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT ` +keeps enumerating the hardware supported formats, plus the emulated +formats offered by libv4l at the end. + +.. _libv4l-ops: + +Libv4l device control functions +------------------------------- + +The common file operation methods are provided by libv4l. + +Those functions operate just like the gcc function ``dup()`` and +V4L2 functions +:c:func:`open()`, :c:func:`close()`, +:c:func:`ioctl()`, :c:func:`read()`, +:c:func:`mmap()` and :c:func:`munmap()`: + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_open(const char *file, int oflag, ...) + + operates like the :c:func:`open()` function. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_close(int fd) + + operates like the :c:func:`close()` function. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_dup(int fd) + + operates like the libc ``dup()`` function, duplicating a file handler. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_ioctl (int fd, unsigned long int request, ...) + + operates like the :c:func:`ioctl()` function. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_read (int fd, void* buffer, size_t n) + + operates like the :c:func:`read()` function. + +.. c:function:: void *v4l2_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, int64_t offset); + + operates like the :c:func:`mmap()` function. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_munmap(void *_start, size_t length); + + operates like the :c:func:`munmap()` function. + +Those functions provide additional control: + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_fd_open(int fd, int v4l2_flags) + + opens an already opened fd for further use through v4l2lib and possibly + modify libv4l2's default behavior through the ``v4l2_flags`` argument. + Currently, ``v4l2_flags`` can be ``V4L2_DISABLE_CONVERSION``, to disable + format conversion. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_set_control(int fd, int cid, int value) + + This function takes a value of 0 - 65535, and then scales that range to the + actual range of the given v4l control id, and then if the cid exists and is + not locked sets the cid to the scaled value. + +.. c:function:: int v4l2_get_control(int fd, int cid) + + This function returns a value of 0 - 65535, scaled to from the actual range + of the given v4l control id. when the cid does not exist, could not be + accessed for some reason, or some error occurred 0 is returned. + +v4l1compat.so wrapper library +============================= + +This library intercepts calls to +:c:func:`open()`, :c:func:`close()`, +:c:func:`ioctl()`, :c:func:`mmap()` and +:c:func:`munmap()` +operations and redirects them to the libv4l counterparts, by using +``LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/v4l1compat.so``. It also emulates V4L1 calls via V4L2 +API. + +It allows usage of binary legacy applications that still don't use +libv4l. -- cgit v1.2.3