Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 378 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95299b08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/bug-hunting.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+Bug hunting
+===========
+
+Kernel bug reports often come with a stack dump like the one below::
+
+	------------[ cut here ]------------
+	WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 28102 at kernel/module.c:1108 module_put+0x57/0x70
+	Modules linked in: dvb_usb_gp8psk(-) dvb_usb dvb_core nvidia_drm(PO) nvidia_modeset(PO) snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_hda_core snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore nvidia(PO) [last unloaded: rc_core]
+	CPU: 1 PID: 28102 Comm: rmmod Tainted: P        WC O 4.8.4-build.1 #1
+	Hardware name: MSI MS-7309/MS-7309, BIOS V1.12 02/23/2009
+	 00000000 c12ba080 00000000 00000000 c103ed6a c1616014 00000001 00006dc6
+	 c1615862 00000454 c109e8a7 c109e8a7 00000009 ffffffff 00000000 f13f6a10
+	 f5f5a600 c103ee33 00000009 00000000 00000000 c109e8a7 f80ca4d0 c109f617
+	Call Trace:
+	 [<c12ba080>] ? dump_stack+0x44/0x64
+	 [<c103ed6a>] ? __warn+0xfa/0x120
+	 [<c109e8a7>] ? module_put+0x57/0x70
+	 [<c109e8a7>] ? module_put+0x57/0x70
+	 [<c103ee33>] ? warn_slowpath_null+0x23/0x30
+	 [<c109e8a7>] ? module_put+0x57/0x70
+	 [<f80ca4d0>] ? gp8psk_fe_set_frontend+0x460/0x460 [dvb_usb_gp8psk]
+	 [<c109f617>] ? symbol_put_addr+0x27/0x50
+	 [<f80bc9ca>] ? dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_exit+0x3a/0x70 [dvb_usb]
+	 [<f80bb3bf>] ? dvb_usb_exit+0x2f/0xd0 [dvb_usb]
+	 [<c13d03bc>] ? usb_disable_endpoint+0x7c/0xb0
+	 [<f80bb48a>] ? dvb_usb_device_exit+0x2a/0x50 [dvb_usb]
+	 [<c13d2882>] ? usb_unbind_interface+0x62/0x250
+	 [<c136b514>] ? __pm_runtime_idle+0x44/0x70
+	 [<c13620d8>] ? __device_release_driver+0x78/0x120
+	 [<c1362907>] ? driver_detach+0x87/0x90
+	 [<c1361c48>] ? bus_remove_driver+0x38/0x90
+	 [<c13d1c18>] ? usb_deregister+0x58/0xb0
+	 [<c109fbb0>] ? SyS_delete_module+0x130/0x1f0
+	 [<c1055654>] ? task_work_run+0x64/0x80
+	 [<c1000fa5>] ? exit_to_usermode_loop+0x85/0x90
+	 [<c10013f0>] ? do_fast_syscall_32+0x80/0x130
+	 [<c1549f43>] ? sysenter_past_esp+0x40/0x6a
+	---[ end trace 6ebc60ef3981792f ]---
+
+Such stack traces provide enough information to identify the line inside the
+Kernel's source code where the bug happened. Depending on the severity of
+the issue, it may also contain the word **Oops**, as on this one::
+
+	BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at   (null)
+	IP: [<c06969d4>] iret_exc+0x7d0/0xa59
+	*pdpt = 000000002258a001 *pde = 0000000000000000
+	Oops: 0002 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
+	...
+
+Despite being an **Oops** or some other sort of stack trace, the offended
+line is usually required to identify and handle the bug. Along this chapter,
+we'll refer to "Oops" for all kinds of stack traces that need to be analyzed.
+
+If the kernel is compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO``, you can enhance the
+quality of the stack trace by using file:`scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh`.
+
+Modules linked in
+-----------------
+
+Modules that are tainted or are being loaded or unloaded are marked with
+"(...)", where the taint flags are described in
+file:`Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst`, "being loaded" is
+annotated with "+", and "being unloaded" is annotated with "-".
+
+
+Where is the Oops message is located?
+-------------------------------------
+
+Normally the Oops text is read from the kernel buffers by klogd and
+handed to ``syslogd`` which writes it to a syslog file, typically
+``/var/log/messages`` (depends on ``/etc/syslog.conf``). On systems with
+systemd, it may also be stored by the ``journald`` daemon, and accessed
+by running ``journalctl`` command.
+
+Sometimes ``klogd`` dies, in which case you can run ``dmesg > file`` to
+read the data from the kernel buffers and save it.  Or you can
+``cat /proc/kmsg > file``, however you have to break in to stop the transfer,
+since ``kmsg`` is a "never ending file".
+
+If the machine has crashed so badly that you cannot enter commands or
+the disk is not available then you have three options:
+
+(1) Hand copy the text from the screen and type it in after the machine
+    has restarted.  Messy but it is the only option if you have not
+    planned for a crash. Alternatively, you can take a picture of
+    the screen with a digital camera - not nice, but better than
+    nothing.  If the messages scroll off the top of the console, you
+    may find that booting with a higher resolution (e.g., ``vga=791``)
+    will allow you to read more of the text. (Caveat: This needs ``vesafb``,
+    so won't help for 'early' oopses.)
+
+(2) Boot with a serial console (see
+    :ref:`Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst <serial_console>`),
+    run a null modem to a second machine and capture the output there
+    using your favourite communication program.  Minicom works well.
+
+(3) Use Kdump (see Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst),
+    extract the kernel ring buffer from old memory with using dmesg
+    gdbmacro in Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/gdbmacros.txt.
+
+Finding the bug's location
+--------------------------
+
+Reporting a bug works best if you point the location of the bug at the
+Kernel source file. There are two methods for doing that. Usually, using
+``gdb`` is easier, but the Kernel should be pre-compiled with debug info.
+
+gdb
+^^^
+
+The GNU debugger (``gdb``) is the best way to figure out the exact file and line
+number of the OOPS from the ``vmlinux`` file.
+
+The usage of gdb works best on a kernel compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO``.
+This can be set by running::
+
+  $ ./scripts/config -d COMPILE_TEST -e DEBUG_KERNEL -e DEBUG_INFO
+
+On a kernel compiled with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO``, you can simply copy the
+EIP value from the OOPS::
+
+ EIP:    0060:[<c021e50e>]    Not tainted VLI
+
+And use GDB to translate that to human-readable form::
+
+  $ gdb vmlinux
+  (gdb) l *0xc021e50e
+
+If you don't have ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO`` enabled, you use the function
+offset from the OOPS::
+
+ EIP is at vt_ioctl+0xda8/0x1482
+
+And recompile the kernel with ``CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO`` enabled::
+
+  $ ./scripts/config -d COMPILE_TEST -e DEBUG_KERNEL -e DEBUG_INFO
+  $ make vmlinux
+  $ gdb vmlinux
+  (gdb) l *vt_ioctl+0xda8
+  0x1888 is in vt_ioctl (drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.c:293).
+  288	{
+  289		struct vc_data *vc = NULL;
+  290		int ret = 0;
+  291
+  292		console_lock();
+  293		if (VT_BUSY(vc_num))
+  294			ret = -EBUSY;
+  295		else if (vc_num)
+  296			vc = vc_deallocate(vc_num);
+  297		console_unlock();
+
+or, if you want to be more verbose::
+
+  (gdb) p vt_ioctl
+  $1 = {int (struct tty_struct *, unsigned int, unsigned long)} 0xae0 <vt_ioctl>
+  (gdb) l *0xae0+0xda8
+
+You could, instead, use the object file::
+
+  $ make drivers/tty/
+  $ gdb drivers/tty/vt/vt_ioctl.o
+  (gdb) l *vt_ioctl+0xda8
+
+If you have a call trace, such as::
+
+     Call Trace:
+      [<ffffffff8802c8e9>] :jbd:log_wait_commit+0xa3/0xf5
+      [<ffffffff810482d9>] autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x2e
+      [<ffffffff8802770b>] :jbd:journal_stop+0x1be/0x1ee
+      ...
+
+this shows the problem likely is in the :jbd: module. You can load that module
+in gdb and list the relevant code::
+
+  $ gdb fs/jbd/jbd.ko
+  (gdb) l *log_wait_commit+0xa3
+
+.. note::
+
+     You can also do the same for any function call at the stack trace,
+     like this one::
+
+	 [<f80bc9ca>] ? dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_exit+0x3a/0x70 [dvb_usb]
+
+     The position where the above call happened can be seen with::
+
+	$ gdb drivers/media/usb/dvb-usb/dvb-usb.o
+	(gdb) l *dvb_usb_adapter_frontend_exit+0x3a
+
+objdump
+^^^^^^^
+
+To debug a kernel, use objdump and look for the hex offset from the crash
+output to find the valid line of code/assembler. Without debug symbols, you
+will see the assembler code for the routine shown, but if your kernel has
+debug symbols the C code will also be available. (Debug symbols can be enabled
+in the kernel hacking menu of the menu configuration.) For example::
+
+    $ objdump -r -S -l --disassemble net/dccp/ipv4.o
+
+.. note::
+
+   You need to be at the top level of the kernel tree for this to pick up
+   your C files.
+
+If you don't have access to the source code you can still debug some crash
+dumps using the following method (example crash dump output as shown by
+Dave Miller)::
+
+     EIP is at 	+0x14/0x4c0
+      ...
+     Code: 44 24 04 e8 6f 05 00 00 e9 e8 fe ff ff 8d 76 00 8d bc 27 00 00
+     00 00 55 57  56 53 81 ec bc 00 00 00 8b ac 24 d0 00 00 00 8b 5d 08
+     <8b> 83 3c 01 00 00 89 44  24 14 8b 45 28 85 c0 89 44 24 18 0f 85
+
+     Put the bytes into a "foo.s" file like this:
+
+            .text
+            .globl foo
+     foo:
+            .byte  .... /* bytes from Code: part of OOPS dump */
+
+     Compile it with "gcc -c -o foo.o foo.s" then look at the output of
+     "objdump --disassemble foo.o".
+
+     Output:
+
+     ip_queue_xmit:
+         push       %ebp
+         push       %edi
+         push       %esi
+         push       %ebx
+         sub        $0xbc, %esp
+         mov        0xd0(%esp), %ebp        ! %ebp = arg0 (skb)
+         mov        0x8(%ebp), %ebx         ! %ebx = skb->sk
+         mov        0x13c(%ebx), %eax       ! %eax = inet_sk(sk)->opt
+
+file:`scripts/decodecode` can be used to automate most of this, depending
+on what CPU architecture is being debugged.
+
+Reporting the bug
+-----------------
+
+Once you find where the bug happened, by inspecting its location,
+you could either try to fix it yourself or report it upstream.
+
+In order to report it upstream, you should identify the mailing list
+used for the development of the affected code. This can be done by using
+the ``get_maintainer.pl`` script.
+
+For example, if you find a bug at the gspca's sonixj.c file, you can get
+its maintainers with::
+
+	$ ./scripts/get_maintainer.pl -f drivers/media/usb/gspca/sonixj.c
+	Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> (odd fixer:GSPCA USB WEBCAM DRIVER,commit_signer:1/1=100%)
+	Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> (maintainer:MEDIA INPUT INFRASTRUCTURE (V4L/DVB),commit_signer:1/1=100%)
+	Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> (commit_signer:1/1=100%)
+	Bhaktipriya Shridhar <bhaktipriya96@gmail.com> (commit_signer:1/1=100%,authored:1/1=100%,added_lines:4/4=100%,removed_lines:9/9=100%)
+	linux-media@vger.kernel.org (open list:GSPCA USB WEBCAM DRIVER)
+	linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org (open list)
+
+Please notice that it will point to:
+
+- The last developers that touched the source code (if this is done inside
+  a git tree). On the above example, Tejun and Bhaktipriya (in this
+  specific case, none really involved on the development of this file);
+- The driver maintainer (Hans Verkuil);
+- The subsystem maintainer (Mauro Carvalho Chehab);
+- The driver and/or subsystem mailing list (linux-media@vger.kernel.org);
+- the Linux Kernel mailing list (linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org).
+
+Usually, the fastest way to have your bug fixed is to report it to mailing
+list used for the development of the code (linux-media ML) copying the
+driver maintainer (Hans).
+
+If you are totally stumped as to whom to send the report, and
+``get_maintainer.pl`` didn't provide you anything useful, send it to
+linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org.
+
+Thanks for your help in making Linux as stable as humanly possible.
+
+Fixing the bug
+--------------
+
+If you know programming, you could help us by not only reporting the bug,
+but also providing us with a solution. After all, open source is about
+sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for your genius?
+
+If you decide to take this way, once you have worked out a fix please submit
+it upstream.
+
+Please do read
+:ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>` though
+to help your code get accepted.
+
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Notes on Oops tracing with ``klogd``
+------------------------------------
+
+In order to help Linus and the other kernel developers there has been
+substantial support incorporated into ``klogd`` for processing protection
+faults.  In order to have full support for address resolution at least
+version 1.3-pl3 of the ``sysklogd`` package should be used.
+
+When a protection fault occurs the ``klogd`` daemon automatically
+translates important addresses in the kernel log messages to their
+symbolic equivalents.  This translated kernel message is then
+forwarded through whatever reporting mechanism ``klogd`` is using.  The
+protection fault message can be simply cut out of the message files
+and forwarded to the kernel developers.
+
+Two types of address resolution are performed by ``klogd``.  The first is
+static translation and the second is dynamic translation.
+Static translation uses the System.map file.
+In order to do static translation the ``klogd`` daemon
+must be able to find a system map file at daemon initialization time.
+See the klogd man page for information on how ``klogd`` searches for map
+files.
+
+Dynamic address translation is important when kernel loadable modules
+are being used.  Since memory for kernel modules is allocated from the
+kernel's dynamic memory pools there are no fixed locations for either
+the start of the module or for functions and symbols in the module.
+
+The kernel supports system calls which allow a program to determine
+which modules are loaded and their location in memory.  Using these
+system calls the klogd daemon builds a symbol table which can be used
+to debug a protection fault which occurs in a loadable kernel module.
+
+At the very minimum klogd will provide the name of the module which
+generated the protection fault.  There may be additional symbolic
+information available if the developer of the loadable module chose to
+export symbol information from the module.
+
+Since the kernel module environment can be dynamic there must be a
+mechanism for notifying the ``klogd`` daemon when a change in module
+environment occurs.  There are command line options available which
+allow klogd to signal the currently executing daemon that symbol
+information should be refreshed.  See the ``klogd`` manual page for more
+information.
+
+A patch is included with the sysklogd distribution which modifies the
+``modules-2.0.0`` package to automatically signal klogd whenever a module
+is loaded or unloaded.  Applying this patch provides essentially
+seamless support for debugging protection faults which occur with
+kernel loadable modules.
+
+The following is an example of a protection fault in a loadable module
+processed by ``klogd``::
+
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address f15e97cc
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: current->tss.cr3 = 0062d000, %cr3 = 0062d000
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: *pde = 00000000
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Oops: 0002
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: CPU:    0
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EIP:    0010:[oops:_oops+16/3868]
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: EFLAGS: 00010212
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: eax: 315e97cc   ebx: 003a6f80   ecx: 001be77b   edx: 00237c0c
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: esi: 00000000   edi: bffffdb3   ebp: 00589f90   esp: 00589f8c
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: ds: 0018   es: 0018   fs: 002b   gs: 002b   ss: 0018
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Process oops_test (pid: 3374, process nr: 21, stackpage=00589000)
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Stack: 315e97cc 00589f98 0100b0b4 bffffed4 0012e38e 00240c64 003a6f80 00000001
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel:        00000000 00237810 bfffff00 0010a7fa 00000003 00000001 00000000 bfffff00
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel:        bffffdb3 bffffed4 ffffffda 0000002b 0007002b 0000002b 0000002b 00000036
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Call Trace: [oops:_oops_ioctl+48/80] [_sys_ioctl+254/272] [_system_call+82/128]
+	Aug 29 09:51:01 blizard kernel: Code: c7 00 05 00 00 00 eb 08 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 89 ec 5d c3
+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+  Dr. G.W. Wettstein           Oncology Research Div. Computing Facility
+  Roger Maris Cancer Center    INTERNET: greg@wind.rmcc.com
+  820 4th St. N.
+  Fargo, ND  58122
+  Phone: 701-234-7556