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authorLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
committerLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
commit5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 (patch)
treecc5c2d0a898769fd59549594fedb3ee6f84e59a0 /Documentation/arm/nwfpe
downloadlinux-5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2.tar.gz
linux-5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2.zip
Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/arm/nwfpe')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/nwfpe/index.rst13
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/nwfpe/netwinder-fpe.rst162
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/nwfpe/notes.rst32
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/nwfpe/nwfpe.rst74
-rw-r--r--Documentation/arm/nwfpe/todo.rst72
5 files changed, 353 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/index.rst b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c4d2f9aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===================================
+NetWinder's floating point emulator
+===================================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ nwfpe
+ netwinder-fpe
+ notes
+ todo
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/netwinder-fpe.rst b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/netwinder-fpe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbb320960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/netwinder-fpe.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+=============
+Current State
+=============
+
+The following describes the current state of the NetWinder's floating point
+emulator.
+
+In the following nomenclature is used to describe the floating point
+instructions. It follows the conventions in the ARM manual.
+
+::
+
+ <S|D|E> = <single|double|extended>, no default
+ {P|M|Z} = {round to +infinity,round to -infinity,round to zero},
+ default = round to nearest
+
+Note: items enclosed in {} are optional.
+
+Floating Point Coprocessor Data Transfer Instructions (CPDT)
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LDF/STF - load and store floating
+
+<LDF|STF>{cond}<S|D|E> Fd, Rn
+<LDF|STF>{cond}<S|D|E> Fd, [Rn, #<expression>]{!}
+<LDF|STF>{cond}<S|D|E> Fd, [Rn], #<expression>
+
+These instructions are fully implemented.
+
+LFM/SFM - load and store multiple floating
+
+Form 1 syntax:
+<LFM|SFM>{cond}<S|D|E> Fd, <count>, [Rn]
+<LFM|SFM>{cond}<S|D|E> Fd, <count>, [Rn, #<expression>]{!}
+<LFM|SFM>{cond}<S|D|E> Fd, <count>, [Rn], #<expression>
+
+Form 2 syntax:
+<LFM|SFM>{cond}<FD,EA> Fd, <count>, [Rn]{!}
+
+These instructions are fully implemented. They store/load three words
+for each floating point register into the memory location given in the
+instruction. The format in memory is unlikely to be compatible with
+other implementations, in particular the actual hardware. Specific
+mention of this is made in the ARM manuals.
+
+Floating Point Coprocessor Register Transfer Instructions (CPRT)
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Conversions, read/write status/control register instructions
+
+FLT{cond}<S,D,E>{P,M,Z} Fn, Rd Convert integer to floating point
+FIX{cond}{P,M,Z} Rd, Fn Convert floating point to integer
+WFS{cond} Rd Write floating point status register
+RFS{cond} Rd Read floating point status register
+WFC{cond} Rd Write floating point control register
+RFC{cond} Rd Read floating point control register
+
+FLT/FIX are fully implemented.
+
+RFS/WFS are fully implemented.
+
+RFC/WFC are fully implemented. RFC/WFC are supervisor only instructions, and
+presently check the CPU mode, and do an invalid instruction trap if not called
+from supervisor mode.
+
+Compare instructions
+
+CMF{cond} Fn, Fm Compare floating
+CMFE{cond} Fn, Fm Compare floating with exception
+CNF{cond} Fn, Fm Compare negated floating
+CNFE{cond} Fn, Fm Compare negated floating with exception
+
+These are fully implemented.
+
+Floating Point Coprocessor Data Instructions (CPDT)
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+Dyadic operations:
+
+ADF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - add
+SUF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - subtract
+RSF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - reverse subtract
+MUF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - multiply
+DVF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - divide
+RDV{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - reverse divide
+
+These are fully implemented.
+
+FML{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - fast multiply
+FDV{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - fast divide
+FRD{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - fast reverse divide
+
+These are fully implemented as well. They use the same algorithm as the
+non-fast versions. Hence, in this implementation their performance is
+equivalent to the MUF/DVF/RDV instructions. This is acceptable according
+to the ARM manual. The manual notes these are defined only for single
+operands, on the actual FPA11 hardware they do not work for double or
+extended precision operands. The emulator currently does not check
+the requested permissions conditions, and performs the requested operation.
+
+RMF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - IEEE remainder
+
+This is fully implemented.
+
+Monadic operations:
+
+MVF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - move
+MNF{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - move negated
+
+These are fully implemented.
+
+ABS{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - absolute value
+SQT{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - square root
+RND{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - round
+
+These are fully implemented.
+
+URD{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - unnormalized round
+NRM{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - normalize
+
+These are implemented. URD is implemented using the same code as the RND
+instruction. Since URD cannot return a unnormalized number, NRM becomes
+a NOP.
+
+Library calls:
+
+POW{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - power
+RPW{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - reverse power
+POL{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - polar angle (arctan2)
+
+LOG{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - logarithm to base 10
+LGN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - logarithm to base e
+EXP{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - exponent
+SIN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - sine
+COS{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - cosine
+TAN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - tangent
+ASN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - arcsine
+ACS{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - arccosine
+ATN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - arctangent
+
+These are not implemented. They are not currently issued by the compiler,
+and are handled by routines in libc. These are not implemented by the FPA11
+hardware, but are handled by the floating point support code. They should
+be implemented in future versions.
+
+Signalling:
+
+Signals are implemented. However current ELF kernels produced by Rebel.com
+have a bug in them that prevents the module from generating a SIGFPE. This
+is caused by a failure to alias fp_current to the kernel variable
+current_set[0] correctly.
+
+The kernel provided with this distribution (vmlinux-nwfpe-0.93) contains
+a fix for this problem and also incorporates the current version of the
+emulator directly. It is possible to run with no floating point module
+loaded with this kernel. It is provided as a demonstration of the
+technology and for those who want to do floating point work that depends
+on signals. It is not strictly necessary to use the module.
+
+A module (either the one provided by Russell King, or the one in this
+distribution) can be loaded to replace the functionality of the emulator
+built into the kernel.
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/notes.rst b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/notes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..102e55af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/notes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Notes
+=====
+
+There seems to be a problem with exp(double) and our emulator. I haven't
+been able to track it down yet. This does not occur with the emulator
+supplied by Russell King.
+
+I also found one oddity in the emulator. I don't think it is serious but
+will point it out. The ARM calling conventions require floating point
+registers f4-f7 to be preserved over a function call. The compiler quite
+often uses an stfe instruction to save f4 on the stack upon entry to a
+function, and an ldfe instruction to restore it before returning.
+
+I was looking at some code, that calculated a double result, stored it in f4
+then made a function call. Upon return from the function call the number in
+f4 had been converted to an extended value in the emulator.
+
+This is a side effect of the stfe instruction. The double in f4 had to be
+converted to extended, then stored. If an lfm/sfm combination had been used,
+then no conversion would occur. This has performance considerations. The
+result from the function call and f4 were used in a multiplication. If the
+emulator sees a multiply of a double and extended, it promotes the double to
+extended, then does the multiply in extended precision.
+
+This code will cause this problem:
+
+double x, y, z;
+z = log(x)/log(y);
+
+The result of log(x) (a double) will be calculated, returned in f0, then
+moved to f4 to preserve it over the log(y) call. The division will be done
+in extended precision, due to the stfe instruction used to save f4 in log(y).
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/nwfpe.rst b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/nwfpe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35cd90dac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/nwfpe.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Introduction
+============
+
+This directory contains the version 0.92 test release of the NetWinder
+Floating Point Emulator.
+
+The majority of the code was written by me, Scott Bambrough It is
+written in C, with a small number of routines in inline assembler
+where required. It was written quickly, with a goal of implementing a
+working version of all the floating point instructions the compiler
+emits as the first target. I have attempted to be as optimal as
+possible, but there remains much room for improvement.
+
+I have attempted to make the emulator as portable as possible. One of
+the problems is with leading underscores on kernel symbols. Elf
+kernels have no leading underscores, a.out compiled kernels do. I
+have attempted to use the C_SYMBOL_NAME macro wherever this may be
+important.
+
+Another choice I made was in the file structure. I have attempted to
+contain all operating system specific code in one module (fpmodule.*).
+All the other files contain emulator specific code. This should allow
+others to port the emulator to NetBSD for instance relatively easily.
+
+The floating point operations are based on SoftFloat Release 2, by
+John Hauser. SoftFloat is a software implementation of floating-point
+that conforms to the IEC/IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-point
+Arithmetic. As many as four formats are supported: single precision,
+double precision, extended double precision, and quadruple precision.
+All operations required by the standard are implemented, except for
+conversions to and from decimal. We use only the single precision,
+double precision and extended double precision formats. The port of
+SoftFloat to the ARM was done by Phil Blundell, based on an earlier
+port of SoftFloat version 1 by Neil Carson for NetBSD/arm32.
+
+The file README.FPE contains a description of what has been implemented
+so far in the emulator. The file TODO contains a information on what
+remains to be done, and other ideas for the emulator.
+
+Bug reports, comments, suggestions should be directed to me at
+<scottb@netwinder.org>. General reports of "this program doesn't
+work correctly when your emulator is installed" are useful for
+determining that bugs still exist; but are virtually useless when
+attempting to isolate the problem. Please report them, but don't
+expect quick action. Bugs still exist. The problem remains in isolating
+which instruction contains the bug. Small programs illustrating a specific
+problem are a godsend.
+
+Legal Notices
+-------------
+
+The NetWinder Floating Point Emulator is free software. Everything Rebel.com
+has written is provided under the GNU GPL. See the file COPYING for copying
+conditions. Excluded from the above is the SoftFloat code. John Hauser's
+legal notice for SoftFloat is included below.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SoftFloat Legal Notice
+
+SoftFloat was written by John R. Hauser. This work was made possible in
+part by the International Computer Science Institute, located at Suite 600,
+1947 Center Street, Berkeley, California 94704. Funding was partially
+provided by the National Science Foundation under grant MIP-9311980. The
+original version of this code was written as part of a project to build
+a fixed-point vector processor in collaboration with the University of
+California at Berkeley, overseen by Profs. Nelson Morgan and John Wawrzynek.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS DISTRIBUTED AS IS, FOR FREE. Although reasonable effort
+has been made to avoid it, THIS SOFTWARE MAY CONTAIN FAULTS THAT WILL AT
+TIMES RESULT IN INCORRECT BEHAVIOR. USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IS RESTRICTED TO
+PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS WHO CAN AND WILL TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY
+AND ALL LOSSES, COSTS, OR OTHER PROBLEMS ARISING FROM ITS USE.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/todo.rst b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/todo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..393f11b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/arm/nwfpe/todo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+TODO LIST
+=========
+
+::
+
+ POW{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - power
+ RPW{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - reverse power
+ POL{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, Fn, <Fm,#value> - polar angle (arctan2)
+
+ LOG{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - logarithm to base 10
+ LGN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - logarithm to base e
+ EXP{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - exponent
+ SIN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - sine
+ COS{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - cosine
+ TAN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - tangent
+ ASN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - arcsine
+ ACS{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - arccosine
+ ATN{cond}<S|D|E>{P,M,Z} Fd, <Fm,#value> - arctangent
+
+These are not implemented. They are not currently issued by the compiler,
+and are handled by routines in libc. These are not implemented by the FPA11
+hardware, but are handled by the floating point support code. They should
+be implemented in future versions.
+
+There are a couple of ways to approach the implementation of these. One
+method would be to use accurate table methods for these routines. I have
+a couple of papers by S. Gal from IBM's research labs in Haifa, Israel that
+seem to promise extreme accuracy (in the order of 99.8%) and reasonable speed.
+These methods are used in GLIBC for some of the transcendental functions.
+
+Another approach, which I know little about is CORDIC. This stands for
+Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer, and is a method of computing
+transcendental functions using mostly shifts and adds and a few
+multiplications and divisions. The ARM excels at shifts and adds,
+so such a method could be promising, but requires more research to
+determine if it is feasible.
+
+Rounding Methods
+----------------
+
+The IEEE standard defines 4 rounding modes. Round to nearest is the
+default, but rounding to + or - infinity or round to zero are also allowed.
+Many architectures allow the rounding mode to be specified by modifying bits
+in a control register. Not so with the ARM FPA11 architecture. To change
+the rounding mode one must specify it with each instruction.
+
+This has made porting some benchmarks difficult. It is possible to
+introduce such a capability into the emulator. The FPCR contains
+bits describing the rounding mode. The emulator could be altered to
+examine a flag, which if set forced it to ignore the rounding mode in
+the instruction, and use the mode specified in the bits in the FPCR.
+
+This would require a method of getting/setting the flag, and the bits
+in the FPCR. This requires a kernel call in ArmLinux, as WFC/RFC are
+supervisor only instructions. If anyone has any ideas or comments I
+would like to hear them.
+
+NOTE:
+ pulled out from some docs on ARM floating point, specifically
+ for the Acorn FPE, but not limited to it:
+
+ The floating point control register (FPCR) may only be present in some
+ implementations: it is there to control the hardware in an implementation-
+ specific manner, for example to disable the floating point system. The user
+ mode of the ARM is not permitted to use this register (since the right is
+ reserved to alter it between implementations) and the WFC and RFC
+ instructions will trap if tried in user mode.
+
+ Hence, the answer is yes, you could do this, but then you will run a high
+ risk of becoming isolated if and when hardware FP emulation comes out
+
+ -- Russell.