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authorLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
committerLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
commit5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 (patch)
treecc5c2d0a898769fd59549594fedb3ee6f84e59a0 /Documentation/driver-api/cxl/memory-devices.rst
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Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ...
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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.. include:: <isonum.txt>
+
+===================================
+Compute Express Link Memory Devices
+===================================
+
+A Compute Express Link Memory Device is a CXL component that implements the
+CXL.mem protocol. It contains some amount of volatile memory, persistent memory,
+or both. It is enumerated as a PCI device for configuration and passing
+messages over an MMIO mailbox. Its contribution to the System Physical
+Address space is handled via HDM (Host Managed Device Memory) decoders
+that optionally define a device's contribution to an interleaved address
+range across multiple devices underneath a host-bridge or interleaved
+across host-bridges.
+
+CXL Bus: Theory of Operation
+============================
+Similar to how a RAID driver takes disk objects and assembles them into a new
+logical device, the CXL subsystem is tasked to take PCIe and ACPI objects and
+assemble them into a CXL.mem decode topology. The need for runtime configuration
+of the CXL.mem topology is also similar to RAID in that different environments
+with the same hardware configuration may decide to assemble the topology in
+contrasting ways. One may choose performance (RAID0) striping memory across
+multiple Host Bridges and endpoints while another may opt for fault tolerance
+and disable any striping in the CXL.mem topology.
+
+Platform firmware enumerates a menu of interleave options at the "CXL root port"
+(Linux term for the top of the CXL decode topology). From there, PCIe topology
+dictates which endpoints can participate in which Host Bridge decode regimes.
+Each PCIe Switch in the path between the root and an endpoint introduces a point
+at which the interleave can be split. For example platform firmware may say at a
+given range only decodes to 1 one Host Bridge, but that Host Bridge may in turn
+interleave cycles across multiple Root Ports. An intervening Switch between a
+port and an endpoint may interleave cycles across multiple Downstream Switch
+Ports, etc.
+
+Here is a sample listing of a CXL topology defined by 'cxl_test'. The 'cxl_test'
+module generates an emulated CXL topology of 2 Host Bridges each with 2 Root
+Ports. Each of those Root Ports are connected to 2-way switches with endpoints
+connected to those downstream ports for a total of 8 endpoints::
+
+ # cxl list -BEMPu -b cxl_test
+ {
+ "bus":"root3",
+ "provider":"cxl_test",
+ "ports:root3":[
+ {
+ "port":"port5",
+ "host":"cxl_host_bridge.1",
+ "ports:port5":[
+ {
+ "port":"port8",
+ "host":"cxl_switch_uport.1",
+ "endpoints:port8":[
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint9",
+ "host":"mem2",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem2",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x1",
+ "numa_node":1,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.1"
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint15",
+ "host":"mem6",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem6",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x5",
+ "numa_node":1,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.5"
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "port":"port12",
+ "host":"cxl_switch_uport.3",
+ "endpoints:port12":[
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint17",
+ "host":"mem8",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem8",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x7",
+ "numa_node":1,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.7"
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint13",
+ "host":"mem4",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem4",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x3",
+ "numa_node":1,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.3"
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "port":"port4",
+ "host":"cxl_host_bridge.0",
+ "ports:port4":[
+ {
+ "port":"port6",
+ "host":"cxl_switch_uport.0",
+ "endpoints:port6":[
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint7",
+ "host":"mem1",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem1",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.0"
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint14",
+ "host":"mem5",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem5",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x4",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.4"
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "port":"port10",
+ "host":"cxl_switch_uport.2",
+ "endpoints:port10":[
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint16",
+ "host":"mem7",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem7",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x6",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.6"
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "endpoint":"endpoint11",
+ "host":"mem3",
+ "memdev":{
+ "memdev":"mem3",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x2",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.2"
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+
+In that listing each "root", "port", and "endpoint" object correspond a kernel
+'struct cxl_port' object. A 'cxl_port' is a device that can decode CXL.mem to
+its descendants. So "root" claims non-PCIe enumerable platform decode ranges and
+decodes them to "ports", "ports" decode to "endpoints", and "endpoints"
+represent the decode from SPA (System Physical Address) to DPA (Device Physical
+Address).
+
+Continuing the RAID analogy, disks have both topology metadata and on device
+metadata that determine RAID set assembly. CXL Port topology and CXL Port link
+status is metadata for CXL.mem set assembly. The CXL Port topology is enumerated
+by the arrival of a CXL.mem device. I.e. unless and until the PCIe core attaches
+the cxl_pci driver to a CXL Memory Expander there is no role for CXL Port
+objects. Conversely for hot-unplug / removal scenarios, there is no need for
+the Linux PCI core to tear down switch-level CXL resources because the endpoint
+->remove() event cleans up the port data that was established to support that
+Memory Expander.
+
+The port metadata and potential decode schemes that a give memory device may
+participate can be determined via a command like::
+
+ # cxl list -BDMu -d root -m mem3
+ {
+ "bus":"root3",
+ "provider":"cxl_test",
+ "decoders:root3":[
+ {
+ "decoder":"decoder3.1",
+ "resource":"0x8030000000",
+ "size":"512.00 MiB (536.87 MB)",
+ "volatile_capable":true,
+ "nr_targets":2
+ },
+ {
+ "decoder":"decoder3.3",
+ "resource":"0x8060000000",
+ "size":"512.00 MiB (536.87 MB)",
+ "pmem_capable":true,
+ "nr_targets":2
+ },
+ {
+ "decoder":"decoder3.0",
+ "resource":"0x8020000000",
+ "size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "volatile_capable":true,
+ "nr_targets":1
+ },
+ {
+ "decoder":"decoder3.2",
+ "resource":"0x8050000000",
+ "size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "pmem_capable":true,
+ "nr_targets":1
+ }
+ ],
+ "memdevs:root3":[
+ {
+ "memdev":"mem3",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x2",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.2"
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+
+...which queries the CXL topology to ask "given CXL Memory Expander with a kernel
+device name of 'mem3' which platform level decode ranges may this device
+participate". A given expander can participate in multiple CXL.mem interleave
+sets simultaneously depending on how many decoder resource it has. In this
+example mem3 can participate in one or more of a PMEM interleave that spans to
+Host Bridges, a PMEM interleave that targets a single Host Bridge, a Volatile
+memory interleave that spans 2 Host Bridges, and a Volatile memory interleave
+that only targets a single Host Bridge.
+
+Conversely the memory devices that can participate in a given platform level
+decode scheme can be determined via a command like the following::
+
+ # cxl list -MDu -d 3.2
+ [
+ {
+ "memdevs":[
+ {
+ "memdev":"mem1",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.0"
+ },
+ {
+ "memdev":"mem5",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x4",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.4"
+ },
+ {
+ "memdev":"mem7",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x6",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.6"
+ },
+ {
+ "memdev":"mem3",
+ "pmem_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "ram_size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "serial":"0x2",
+ "numa_node":0,
+ "host":"cxl_mem.2"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "root decoders":[
+ {
+ "decoder":"decoder3.2",
+ "resource":"0x8050000000",
+ "size":"256.00 MiB (268.44 MB)",
+ "pmem_capable":true,
+ "nr_targets":1
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+
+...where the naming scheme for decoders is "decoder<port_id>.<instance_id>".
+
+Driver Infrastructure
+=====================
+
+This section covers the driver infrastructure for a CXL memory device.
+
+CXL Memory Device
+-----------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/pci.c
+ :doc: cxl pci
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/pci.c
+ :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/mem.c
+ :doc: cxl mem
+
+CXL Port
+--------
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/port.c
+ :doc: cxl port
+
+CXL Core
+--------
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/cxl.h
+ :doc: cxl objects
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/cxl.h
+ :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/port.c
+ :doc: cxl core
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/port.c
+ :identifiers:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/pci.c
+ :doc: cxl core pci
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/pci.c
+ :identifiers:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/pmem.c
+ :doc: cxl pmem
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/regs.c
+ :doc: cxl registers
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/mbox.c
+ :doc: cxl mbox
+
+CXL Regions
+-----------
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/region.c
+ :doc: cxl core region
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/cxl/core/region.c
+ :identifiers:
+
+External Interfaces
+===================
+
+CXL IOCTL Interface
+-------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/cxl_mem.h
+ :doc: UAPI
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/uapi/linux/cxl_mem.h
+ :internal: