Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 521 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/device-io.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/device-io.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d2baac03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/device-io.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+.. Copyright 2001 Matthew Wilcox
+..
+..     This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
+..     it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
+..     License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+..     version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+..     version.
+
+===============================
+Bus-Independent Device Accesses
+===============================
+
+:Author: Matthew Wilcox
+:Author: Alan Cox
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+Linux provides an API which abstracts performing IO across all busses
+and devices, allowing device drivers to be written independently of bus
+type.
+
+Memory Mapped IO
+================
+
+Getting Access to the Device
+----------------------------
+
+The most widely supported form of IO is memory mapped IO. That is, a
+part of the CPU's address space is interpreted not as accesses to
+memory, but as accesses to a device. Some architectures define devices
+to be at a fixed address, but most have some method of discovering
+devices. The PCI bus walk is a good example of such a scheme. This
+document does not cover how to receive such an address, but assumes you
+are starting with one. Physical addresses are of type unsigned long.
+
+This address should not be used directly. Instead, to get an address
+suitable for passing to the accessor functions described below, you
+should call ioremap(). An address suitable for accessing
+the device will be returned to you.
+
+After you've finished using the device (say, in your module's exit
+routine), call iounmap() in order to return the address
+space to the kernel. Most architectures allocate new address space each
+time you call ioremap(), and they can run out unless you
+call iounmap().
+
+Accessing the device
+--------------------
+
+The part of the interface most used by drivers is reading and writing
+memory-mapped registers on the device. Linux provides interfaces to read
+and write 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit quantities. Due to a
+historical accident, these are named byte, word, long and quad accesses.
+Both read and write accesses are supported; there is no prefetch support
+at this time.
+
+The functions are named readb(), readw(), readl(), readq(),
+readb_relaxed(), readw_relaxed(), readl_relaxed(), readq_relaxed(),
+writeb(), writew(), writel() and writeq().
+
+Some devices (such as framebuffers) would like to use larger transfers than
+8 bytes at a time. For these devices, the memcpy_toio(),
+memcpy_fromio() and memset_io() functions are
+provided. Do not use memset or memcpy on IO addresses; they are not
+guaranteed to copy data in order.
+
+The read and write functions are defined to be ordered. That is the
+compiler is not permitted to reorder the I/O sequence. When the ordering
+can be compiler optimised, you can use __readb() and friends to
+indicate the relaxed ordering. Use this with care.
+
+While the basic functions are defined to be synchronous with respect to
+each other and ordered with respect to each other the busses the devices
+sit on may themselves have asynchronicity. In particular many authors
+are burned by the fact that PCI bus writes are posted asynchronously. A
+driver author must issue a read from the same device to ensure that
+writes have occurred in the specific cases the author cares. This kind
+of property cannot be hidden from driver writers in the API. In some
+cases, the read used to flush the device may be expected to fail (if the
+card is resetting, for example). In that case, the read should be done
+from config space, which is guaranteed to soft-fail if the card doesn't
+respond.
+
+The following is an example of flushing a write to a device when the
+driver would like to ensure the write's effects are visible prior to
+continuing execution::
+
+    static inline void
+    qla1280_disable_intrs(struct scsi_qla_host *ha)
+    {
+        struct device_reg *reg;
+
+        reg = ha->iobase;
+        /* disable risc and host interrupts */
+        WRT_REG_WORD(&reg->ictrl, 0);
+        /*
+         * The following read will ensure that the above write
+         * has been received by the device before we return from this
+         * function.
+         */
+        RD_REG_WORD(&reg->ictrl);
+        ha->flags.ints_enabled = 0;
+    }
+
+PCI ordering rules also guarantee that PIO read responses arrive after any
+outstanding DMA writes from that bus, since for some devices the result of
+a readb() call may signal to the driver that a DMA transaction is
+complete. In many cases, however, the driver may want to indicate that the
+next readb() call has no relation to any previous DMA writes
+performed by the device. The driver can use readb_relaxed() for
+these cases, although only some platforms will honor the relaxed
+semantics. Using the relaxed read functions will provide significant
+performance benefits on platforms that support it. The qla2xxx driver
+provides examples of how to use readX_relaxed(). In many cases, a majority
+of the driver's readX() calls can safely be converted to readX_relaxed()
+calls, since only a few will indicate or depend on DMA completion.
+
+Port Space Accesses
+===================
+
+Port Space Explained
+--------------------
+
+Another form of IO commonly supported is Port Space. This is a range of
+addresses separate to the normal memory address space. Access to these
+addresses is generally not as fast as accesses to the memory mapped
+addresses, and it also has a potentially smaller address space.
+
+Unlike memory mapped IO, no preparation is required to access port
+space.
+
+Accessing Port Space
+--------------------
+
+Accesses to this space are provided through a set of functions which
+allow 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit accesses; also known as byte, word and
+long. These functions are inb(), inw(),
+inl(), outb(), outw() and
+outl().
+
+Some variants are provided for these functions. Some devices require
+that accesses to their ports are slowed down. This functionality is
+provided by appending a ``_p`` to the end of the function.
+There are also equivalents to memcpy. The ins() and
+outs() functions copy bytes, words or longs to the given
+port.
+
+__iomem pointer tokens
+======================
+
+The data type for an MMIO address is an ``__iomem`` qualified pointer, such as
+``void __iomem *reg``. On most architectures it is a regular pointer that
+points to a virtual memory address and can be offset or dereferenced, but in
+portable code, it must only be passed from and to functions that explicitly
+operated on an ``__iomem`` token, in particular the ioremap() and
+readl()/writel() functions. The 'sparse' semantic code checker can be used to
+verify that this is done correctly.
+
+While on most architectures, ioremap() creates a page table entry for an
+uncached virtual address pointing to the physical MMIO address, some
+architectures require special instructions for MMIO, and the ``__iomem`` pointer
+just encodes the physical address or an offsettable cookie that is interpreted
+by readl()/writel().
+
+Differences between I/O access functions
+========================================
+
+readq(), readl(), readw(), readb(), writeq(), writel(), writew(), writeb()
+
+  These are the most generic accessors, providing serialization against other
+  MMIO accesses and DMA accesses as well as fixed endianness for accessing
+  little-endian PCI devices and on-chip peripherals. Portable device drivers
+  should generally use these for any access to ``__iomem`` pointers.
+
+  Note that posted writes are not strictly ordered against a spinlock, see
+  Documentation/driver-api/io_ordering.rst.
+
+readq_relaxed(), readl_relaxed(), readw_relaxed(), readb_relaxed(),
+writeq_relaxed(), writel_relaxed(), writew_relaxed(), writeb_relaxed()
+
+  On architectures that require an expensive barrier for serializing against
+  DMA, these "relaxed" versions of the MMIO accessors only serialize against
+  each other, but contain a less expensive barrier operation. A device driver
+  might use these in a particularly performance sensitive fast path, with a
+  comment that explains why the usage in a specific location is safe without
+  the extra barriers.
+
+  See memory-barriers.txt for a more detailed discussion on the precise ordering
+  guarantees of the non-relaxed and relaxed versions.
+
+ioread64(), ioread32(), ioread16(), ioread8(),
+iowrite64(), iowrite32(), iowrite16(), iowrite8()
+
+  These are an alternative to the normal readl()/writel() functions, with almost
+  identical behavior, but they can also operate on ``__iomem`` tokens returned
+  for mapping PCI I/O space with pci_iomap() or ioport_map(). On architectures
+  that require special instructions for I/O port access, this adds a small
+  overhead for an indirect function call implemented in lib/iomap.c, while on
+  other architectures, these are simply aliases.
+
+ioread64be(), ioread32be(), ioread16be()
+iowrite64be(), iowrite32be(), iowrite16be()
+
+  These behave in the same way as the ioread32()/iowrite32() family, but with
+  reversed byte order, for accessing devices with big-endian MMIO registers.
+  Device drivers that can operate on either big-endian or little-endian
+  registers may have to implement a custom wrapper function that picks one or
+  the other depending on which device was found.
+
+  Note: On some architectures, the normal readl()/writel() functions
+  traditionally assume that devices are the same endianness as the CPU, while
+  using a hardware byte-reverse on the PCI bus when running a big-endian kernel.
+  Drivers that use readl()/writel() this way are generally not portable, but
+  tend to be limited to a particular SoC.
+
+hi_lo_readq(), lo_hi_readq(), hi_lo_readq_relaxed(), lo_hi_readq_relaxed(),
+ioread64_lo_hi(), ioread64_hi_lo(), ioread64be_lo_hi(), ioread64be_hi_lo(),
+hi_lo_writeq(), lo_hi_writeq(), hi_lo_writeq_relaxed(), lo_hi_writeq_relaxed(),
+iowrite64_lo_hi(), iowrite64_hi_lo(), iowrite64be_lo_hi(), iowrite64be_hi_lo()
+
+  Some device drivers have 64-bit registers that cannot be accessed atomically
+  on 32-bit architectures but allow two consecutive 32-bit accesses instead.
+  Since it depends on the particular device which of the two halves has to be
+  accessed first, a helper is provided for each combination of 64-bit accessors
+  with either low/high or high/low word ordering. A device driver must include
+  either <linux/io-64-nonatomic-lo-hi.h> or <linux/io-64-nonatomic-hi-lo.h> to
+  get the function definitions along with helpers that redirect the normal
+  readq()/writeq() to them on architectures that do not provide 64-bit access
+  natively.
+
+__raw_readq(), __raw_readl(), __raw_readw(), __raw_readb(),
+__raw_writeq(), __raw_writel(), __raw_writew(), __raw_writeb()
+
+  These are low-level MMIO accessors without barriers or byteorder changes and
+  architecture specific behavior. Accesses are usually atomic in the sense that
+  a four-byte __raw_readl() does not get split into individual byte loads, but
+  multiple consecutive accesses can be combined on the bus. In portable code, it
+  is only safe to use these to access memory behind a device bus but not MMIO
+  registers, as there are no ordering guarantees with regard to other MMIO
+  accesses or even spinlocks. The byte order is generally the same as for normal
+  memory, so unlike the other functions, these can be used to copy data between
+  kernel memory and device memory.
+
+inl(), inw(), inb(), outl(), outw(), outb()
+
+  PCI I/O port resources traditionally require separate helpers as they are
+  implemented using special instructions on the x86 architecture. On most other
+  architectures, these are mapped to readl()/writel() style accessors
+  internally, usually pointing to a fixed area in virtual memory. Instead of an
+  ``__iomem`` pointer, the address is a 32-bit integer token to identify a port
+  number. PCI requires I/O port access to be non-posted, meaning that an outb()
+  must complete before the following code executes, while a normal writeb() may
+  still be in progress. On architectures that correctly implement this, I/O port
+  access is therefore ordered against spinlocks. Many non-x86 PCI host bridge
+  implementations and CPU architectures however fail to implement non-posted I/O
+  space on PCI, so they can end up being posted on such hardware.
+
+  In some architectures, the I/O port number space has a 1:1 mapping to
+  ``__iomem`` pointers, but this is not recommended and device drivers should
+  not rely on that for portability. Similarly, an I/O port number as described
+  in a PCI base address register may not correspond to the port number as seen
+  by a device driver. Portable drivers need to read the port number for the
+  resource provided by the kernel.
+
+  There are no direct 64-bit I/O port accessors, but pci_iomap() in combination
+  with ioread64/iowrite64 can be used instead.
+
+inl_p(), inw_p(), inb_p(), outl_p(), outw_p(), outb_p()
+
+  On ISA devices that require specific timing, the _p versions of the I/O
+  accessors add a small delay. On architectures that do not have ISA buses,
+  these are aliases to the normal inb/outb helpers.
+
+readsq, readsl, readsw, readsb
+writesq, writesl, writesw, writesb
+ioread64_rep, ioread32_rep, ioread16_rep, ioread8_rep
+iowrite64_rep, iowrite32_rep, iowrite16_rep, iowrite8_rep
+insl, insw, insb, outsl, outsw, outsb
+
+  These are helpers that access the same address multiple times, usually to copy
+  data between kernel memory byte stream and a FIFO buffer. Unlike the normal
+  MMIO accessors, these do not perform a byteswap on big-endian kernels, so the
+  first byte in the FIFO register corresponds to the first byte in the memory
+  buffer regardless of the architecture.
+
+Device memory mapping modes
+===========================
+
+Some architectures support multiple modes for mapping device memory.
+ioremap_*() variants provide a common abstraction around these
+architecture-specific modes, with a shared set of semantics.
+
+ioremap() is the most common mapping type, and is applicable to typical device
+memory (e.g. I/O registers). Other modes can offer weaker or stronger
+guarantees, if supported by the architecture. From most to least common, they
+are as follows:
+
+ioremap()
+---------
+
+The default mode, suitable for most memory-mapped devices, e.g. control
+registers. Memory mapped using ioremap() has the following characteristics:
+
+* Uncached - CPU-side caches are bypassed, and all reads and writes are handled
+  directly by the device
+* No speculative operations - the CPU may not issue a read or write to this
+  memory, unless the instruction that does so has been reached in committed
+  program flow.
+* No reordering - The CPU may not reorder accesses to this memory mapping with
+  respect to each other. On some architectures, this relies on barriers in
+  readl_relaxed()/writel_relaxed().
+* No repetition - The CPU may not issue multiple reads or writes for a single
+  program instruction.
+* No write-combining - Each I/O operation results in one discrete read or write
+  being issued to the device, and multiple writes are not combined into larger
+  writes. This may or may not be enforced when using __raw I/O accessors or
+  pointer dereferences.
+* Non-executable - The CPU is not allowed to speculate instruction execution
+  from this memory (it probably goes without saying, but you're also not
+  allowed to jump into device memory).
+
+On many platforms and buses (e.g. PCI), writes issued through ioremap()
+mappings are posted, which means that the CPU does not wait for the write to
+actually reach the target device before retiring the write instruction.
+
+On many platforms, I/O accesses must be aligned with respect to the access
+size; failure to do so will result in an exception or unpredictable results.
+
+ioremap_wc()
+------------
+
+Maps I/O memory as normal memory with write combining. Unlike ioremap(),
+
+* The CPU may speculatively issue reads from the device that the program
+  didn't actually execute, and may choose to basically read whatever it wants.
+* The CPU may reorder operations as long as the result is consistent from the
+  program's point of view.
+* The CPU may write to the same location multiple times, even when the program
+  issued a single write.
+* The CPU may combine several writes into a single larger write.
+
+This mode is typically used for video framebuffers, where it can increase
+performance of writes. It can also be used for other blocks of memory in
+devices (e.g. buffers or shared memory), but care must be taken as accesses are
+not guaranteed to be ordered with respect to normal ioremap() MMIO register
+accesses without explicit barriers.
+
+On a PCI bus, it is usually safe to use ioremap_wc() on MMIO areas marked as
+``IORESOURCE_PREFETCH``, but it may not be used on those without the flag.
+For on-chip devices, there is no corresponding flag, but a driver can use
+ioremap_wc() on a device that is known to be safe.
+
+ioremap_wt()
+------------
+
+Maps I/O memory as normal memory with write-through caching. Like ioremap_wc(),
+but also,
+
+* The CPU may cache writes issued to and reads from the device, and serve reads
+  from that cache.
+
+This mode is sometimes used for video framebuffers, where drivers still expect
+writes to reach the device in a timely manner (and not be stuck in the CPU
+cache), but reads may be served from the cache for efficiency. However, it is
+rarely useful these days, as framebuffer drivers usually perform writes only,
+for which ioremap_wc() is more efficient (as it doesn't needlessly trash the
+cache). Most drivers should not use this.
+
+ioremap_np()
+------------
+
+Like ioremap(), but explicitly requests non-posted write semantics. On some
+architectures and buses, ioremap() mappings have posted write semantics, which
+means that writes can appear to "complete" from the point of view of the
+CPU before the written data actually arrives at the target device. Writes are
+still ordered with respect to other writes and reads from the same device, but
+due to the posted write semantics, this is not the case with respect to other
+devices. ioremap_np() explicitly requests non-posted semantics, which means
+that the write instruction will not appear to complete until the device has
+received (and to some platform-specific extent acknowledged) the written data.
+
+This mapping mode primarily exists to cater for platforms with bus fabrics that
+require this particular mapping mode to work correctly. These platforms set the
+``IORESOURCE_MEM_NONPOSTED`` flag for a resource that requires ioremap_np()
+semantics and portable drivers should use an abstraction that automatically
+selects it where appropriate (see the `Higher-level ioremap abstractions`_
+section below).
+
+The bare ioremap_np() is only available on some architectures; on others, it
+always returns NULL. Drivers should not normally use it, unless they are
+platform-specific or they derive benefit from non-posted writes where
+supported, and can fall back to ioremap() otherwise. The normal approach to
+ensure posted write completion is to do a dummy read after a write as
+explained in `Accessing the device`_, which works with ioremap() on all
+platforms.
+
+ioremap_np() should never be used for PCI drivers. PCI memory space writes are
+always posted, even on architectures that otherwise implement ioremap_np().
+Using ioremap_np() for PCI BARs will at best result in posted write semantics,
+and at worst result in complete breakage.
+
+Note that non-posted write semantics are orthogonal to CPU-side ordering
+guarantees. A CPU may still choose to issue other reads or writes before a
+non-posted write instruction retires. See the previous section on MMIO access
+functions for details on the CPU side of things.
+
+ioremap_uc()
+------------
+
+ioremap_uc() behaves like ioremap() except that on the x86 architecture without
+'PAT' mode, it marks memory as uncached even when the MTRR has designated
+it as cacheable, see Documentation/x86/pat.rst.
+
+Portable drivers should avoid the use of ioremap_uc().
+
+ioremap_cache()
+---------------
+
+ioremap_cache() effectively maps I/O memory as normal RAM. CPU write-back
+caches can be used, and the CPU is free to treat the device as if it were a
+block of RAM. This should never be used for device memory which has side
+effects of any kind, or which does not return the data previously written on
+read.
+
+It should also not be used for actual RAM, as the returned pointer is an
+``__iomem`` token. memremap() can be used for mapping normal RAM that is outside
+of the linear kernel memory area to a regular pointer.
+
+Portable drivers should avoid the use of ioremap_cache().
+
+Architecture example
+--------------------
+
+Here is how the above modes map to memory attribute settings on the ARM64
+architecture:
+
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| API                    | Memory region type and cacheability        |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| ioremap_np()           | Device-nGnRnE                              |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| ioremap()              | Device-nGnRE                               |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| ioremap_uc()           | (not implemented)                          |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| ioremap_wc()           | Normal-Non Cacheable                       |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| ioremap_wt()           | (not implemented; fallback to ioremap)     |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+| ioremap_cache()        | Normal-Write-Back Cacheable                |
++------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
+
+Higher-level ioremap abstractions
+=================================
+
+Instead of using the above raw ioremap() modes, drivers are encouraged to use
+higher-level APIs. These APIs may implement platform-specific logic to
+automatically choose an appropriate ioremap mode on any given bus, allowing for
+a platform-agnostic driver to work on those platforms without any special
+cases. At the time of this writing, the following ioremap() wrappers have such
+logic:
+
+devm_ioremap_resource()
+
+  Can automatically select ioremap_np() over ioremap() according to platform
+  requirements, if the ``IORESOURCE_MEM_NONPOSTED`` flag is set on the struct
+  resource. Uses devres to automatically unmap the resource when the driver
+  probe() function fails or a device in unbound from its driver.
+
+  Documented in Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/devres.rst.
+
+of_address_to_resource()
+
+  Automatically sets the ``IORESOURCE_MEM_NONPOSTED`` flag for platforms that
+  require non-posted writes for certain buses (see the nonposted-mmio and
+  posted-mmio device tree properties).
+
+of_iomap()
+
+  Maps the resource described in a ``reg`` property in the device tree, doing
+  all required translations. Automatically selects ioremap_np() according to
+  platform requirements, as above.
+
+pci_ioremap_bar(), pci_ioremap_wc_bar()
+
+  Maps the resource described in a PCI base address without having to extract
+  the physical address first.
+
+pci_iomap(), pci_iomap_wc()
+
+  Like pci_ioremap_bar()/pci_ioremap_bar(), but also works on I/O space when
+  used together with ioread32()/iowrite32() and similar accessors
+
+pcim_iomap()
+
+  Like pci_iomap(), but uses devres to automatically unmap the resource when
+  the driver probe() function fails or a device in unbound from its driver
+
+  Documented in Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/devres.rst.
+
+Not using these wrappers may make drivers unusable on certain platforms with
+stricter rules for mapping I/O memory.
+
+Generalizing Access to System and I/O Memory
+============================================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/iosys-map.h
+   :doc: overview
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/iosys-map.h
+   :internal:
+
+Public Functions Provided
+=========================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: arch/x86/include/asm/io.h
+   :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: lib/pci_iomap.c
+   :export: