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authorLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
committerLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
commit5b7c4cabbb65f5c469464da6c5f614cbd7f730f2 (patch)
treecc5c2d0a898769fd59549594fedb3ee6f84e59a0 /Documentation/process/email-clients.rst
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Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ...
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+.. _email_clients:
+
+Email clients info for Linux
+============================
+
+Git
+---
+
+These days most developers use ``git send-email`` instead of regular
+email clients. The man page for this is quite good. On the receiving
+end, maintainers use ``git am`` to apply the patches.
+
+If you are new to ``git`` then send your first patch to yourself. Save it
+as raw text including all the headers. Run ``git am raw_email.txt`` and
+then review the changelog with ``git log``. When that works then send
+the patch to the appropriate mailing list(s).
+
+General Preferences
+-------------------
+
+Patches for the Linux kernel are submitted via email, preferably as
+inline text in the body of the email. Some maintainers accept
+attachments, but then the attachments should have content-type
+``text/plain``. However, attachments are generally frowned upon because
+it makes quoting portions of the patch more difficult in the patch
+review process.
+
+It's also strongly recommended that you use plain text in your email body,
+for patches and other emails alike. https://useplaintext.email may be useful
+for information on how to configure your preferred email client, as well as
+listing recommended email clients should you not already have a preference.
+
+Email clients that are used for Linux kernel patches should send the
+patch text untouched. For example, they should not modify or delete tabs
+or spaces, even at the beginning or end of lines.
+
+Don't send patches with ``format=flowed``. This can cause unexpected
+and unwanted line breaks.
+
+Don't let your email client do automatic word wrapping for you.
+This can also corrupt your patch.
+
+Email clients should not modify the character set encoding of the text.
+Emailed patches should be in ASCII or UTF-8 encoding only.
+If you configure your email client to send emails with UTF-8 encoding,
+you avoid some possible charset problems.
+
+Email clients should generate and maintain "References:" or "In-Reply-To:"
+headers so that mail threading is not broken.
+
+Copy-and-paste (or cut-and-paste) usually does not work for patches
+because tabs are converted to spaces. Using xclipboard, xclip, and/or
+xcutsel may work, but it's best to test this for yourself or just avoid
+copy-and-paste.
+
+Don't use PGP/GPG signatures in mail that contains patches.
+This breaks many scripts that read and apply the patches.
+(This should be fixable.)
+
+It's a good idea to send a patch to yourself, save the received message,
+and successfully apply it with 'patch' before sending patches to Linux
+mailing lists.
+
+
+Some email client (MUA) hints
+-----------------------------
+
+Here are some specific MUA configuration hints for editing and sending
+patches for the Linux kernel. These are not meant to be complete
+software package configuration summaries.
+
+
+Legend:
+
+- TUI = text-based user interface
+- GUI = graphical user interface
+
+Alpine (TUI)
+************
+
+Config options:
+
+In the :menuselection:`Sending Preferences` section:
+
+- :menuselection:`Do Not Send Flowed Text` must be ``enabled``
+- :menuselection:`Strip Whitespace Before Sending` must be ``disabled``
+
+When composing the message, the cursor should be placed where the patch
+should appear, and then pressing :kbd:`CTRL-R` let you specify the patch file
+to insert into the message.
+
+Claws Mail (GUI)
+****************
+
+Works. Some people use this successfully for patches.
+
+To insert a patch use :menuselection:`Message-->Insert File` (:kbd:`CTRL-I`)
+or an external editor.
+
+If the inserted patch has to be edited in the Claws composition window
+"Auto wrapping" in
+:menuselection:`Configuration-->Preferences-->Compose-->Wrapping` should be
+disabled.
+
+Evolution (GUI)
+***************
+
+Some people use this successfully for patches.
+
+When composing mail select: Preformat
+ from :menuselection:`Format-->Paragraph Style-->Preformatted` (:kbd:`CTRL-7`)
+ or the toolbar
+
+Then use:
+:menuselection:`Insert-->Text File...` (:kbd:`ALT-N x`)
+to insert the patch.
+
+You can also ``diff -Nru old.c new.c | xclip``, select
+:menuselection:`Preformat`, then paste with the middle button.
+
+Kmail (GUI)
+***********
+
+Some people use Kmail successfully for patches.
+
+The default setting of not composing in HTML is appropriate; do not
+enable it.
+
+When composing an email, under options, uncheck "word wrap". The only
+disadvantage is any text you type in the email will not be word-wrapped
+so you will have to manually word wrap text before the patch. The easiest
+way around this is to compose your email with word wrap enabled, then save
+it as a draft. Once you pull it up again from your drafts it is now hard
+word-wrapped and you can uncheck "word wrap" without losing the existing
+wrapping.
+
+At the bottom of your email, put the commonly-used patch delimiter before
+inserting your patch: three hyphens (``---``).
+
+Then from the :menuselection:`Message` menu item, select
+:menuselection:`insert file` and choose your patch.
+As an added bonus you can customise the message creation toolbar menu
+and put the :menuselection:`insert file` icon there.
+
+Make the composer window wide enough so that no lines wrap. As of
+KMail 1.13.5 (KDE 4.5.4), KMail will apply word wrapping when sending
+the email if the lines wrap in the composer window. Having word wrapping
+disabled in the Options menu isn't enough. Thus, if your patch has very
+long lines, you must make the composer window very wide before sending
+the email. See: https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=174034
+
+You can safely GPG sign attachments, but inlined text is preferred for
+patches so do not GPG sign them. Signing patches that have been inserted
+as inlined text will make them tricky to extract from their 7-bit encoding.
+
+If you absolutely must send patches as attachments instead of inlining
+them as text, right click on the attachment and select :menuselection:`properties`,
+and highlight :menuselection:`Suggest automatic display` to make the attachment
+inlined to make it more viewable.
+
+When saving patches that are sent as inlined text, select the email that
+contains the patch from the message list pane, right click and select
+:menuselection:`save as`. You can use the whole email unmodified as a patch
+if it was properly composed. Emails are saved as read-write for user only so
+you will have to chmod them to make them group and world readable if you copy
+them elsewhere.
+
+Lotus Notes (GUI)
+*****************
+
+Run away from it.
+
+IBM Verse (Web GUI)
+*******************
+
+See Lotus Notes.
+
+Mutt (TUI)
+**********
+
+Plenty of Linux developers use ``mutt``, so it must work pretty well.
+
+Mutt doesn't come with an editor, so whatever editor you use should be
+used in a way that there are no automatic linebreaks. Most editors have
+an :menuselection:`insert file` option that inserts the contents of a file
+unaltered.
+
+To use ``vim`` with mutt::
+
+ set editor="vi"
+
+If using xclip, type the command::
+
+ :set paste
+
+before middle button or shift-insert or use::
+
+ :r filename
+
+if you want to include the patch inline.
+(a)ttach works fine without ``set paste``.
+
+You can also generate patches with ``git format-patch`` and then use Mutt
+to send them::
+
+ $ mutt -H 0001-some-bug-fix.patch
+
+Config options:
+
+It should work with default settings.
+However, it's a good idea to set the ``send_charset`` to::
+
+ set send_charset="us-ascii:utf-8"
+
+Mutt is highly customizable. Here is a minimum configuration to start
+using Mutt to send patches through Gmail::
+
+ # .muttrc
+ # ================ IMAP ====================
+ set imap_user = 'yourusername@gmail.com'
+ set imap_pass = 'yourpassword'
+ set spoolfile = imaps://imap.gmail.com/INBOX
+ set folder = imaps://imap.gmail.com/
+ set record="imaps://imap.gmail.com/[Gmail]/Sent Mail"
+ set postponed="imaps://imap.gmail.com/[Gmail]/Drafts"
+ set mbox="imaps://imap.gmail.com/[Gmail]/All Mail"
+
+ # ================ SMTP ====================
+ set smtp_url = "smtp://username@smtp.gmail.com:587/"
+ set smtp_pass = $imap_pass
+ set ssl_force_tls = yes # Require encrypted connection
+
+ # ================ Composition ====================
+ set editor = `echo \$EDITOR`
+ set edit_headers = yes # See the headers when editing
+ set charset = UTF-8 # value of $LANG; also fallback for send_charset
+ # Sender, email address, and sign-off line must match
+ unset use_domain # because joe@localhost is just embarrassing
+ set realname = "YOUR NAME"
+ set from = "username@gmail.com"
+ set use_from = yes
+
+The Mutt docs have lots more information:
+
+ https://gitlab.com/muttmua/mutt/-/wikis/UseCases/Gmail
+
+ http://www.mutt.org/doc/manual/
+
+Pine (TUI)
+**********
+
+Pine has had some whitespace truncation issues in the past, but these
+should all be fixed now.
+
+Use alpine (pine's successor) if you can.
+
+Config options:
+
+- ``quell-flowed-text`` is needed for recent versions
+- the ``no-strip-whitespace-before-send`` option is needed
+
+
+Sylpheed (GUI)
+**************
+
+- Works well for inlining text (or using attachments).
+- Allows use of an external editor.
+- Is slow on large folders.
+- Won't do TLS SMTP auth over a non-SSL connection.
+- Has a helpful ruler bar in the compose window.
+- Adding addresses to address book doesn't understand the display name
+ properly.
+
+Thunderbird (GUI)
+*****************
+
+Thunderbird is an Outlook clone that likes to mangle text, but there are ways
+to coerce it into behaving.
+
+After doing the modifications, this includes installing the extensions,
+you need to restart Thunderbird.
+
+- Allow use of an external editor:
+
+ The easiest thing to do with Thunderbird and patches is to use extensions
+ which open your favorite external editor.
+
+ Here are some example extensions which are capable of doing this.
+
+ - "External Editor Revived"
+
+ https://github.com/Frederick888/external-editor-revived
+
+ https://addons.thunderbird.net/en-GB/thunderbird/addon/external-editor-revived/
+
+ It requires installing a "native messaging host".
+ Please read the wiki which can be found here:
+ https://github.com/Frederick888/external-editor-revived/wiki
+
+ - "External Editor"
+
+ https://github.com/exteditor/exteditor
+
+ To do this, download and install the extension, then open the
+ :menuselection:`compose` window, add a button for it using
+ :menuselection:`View-->Toolbars-->Customize...`
+ then just click on the new button when you wish to use the external editor.
+
+ Please note that "External Editor" requires that your editor must not
+ fork, or in other words, the editor must not return before closing.
+ You may have to pass additional flags or change the settings of your
+ editor. Most notably if you are using gvim then you must pass the -f
+ option to gvim by putting ``/usr/bin/gvim --nofork"`` (if the binary is in
+ ``/usr/bin``) to the text editor field in :menuselection:`external editor`
+ settings. If you are using some other editor then please read its manual
+ to find out how to do this.
+
+To beat some sense out of the internal editor, do this:
+
+- Edit your Thunderbird config settings so that it won't use ``format=flowed``!
+ Go to your main window and find the button for your main dropdown menu.
+ :menuselection:`Main Menu-->Preferences-->General-->Config Editor...`
+ to bring up the thunderbird's registry editor.
+
+ - Set ``mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed`` to ``false``
+
+ - Set ``mailnews.wraplength`` from ``72`` to ``0``
+
+- Don't write HTML messages! Go to the main window
+ :menuselection:`Main Menu-->Account Settings-->youracc@server.something-->Composition & Addressing`!
+ There you can disable the option "Compose messages in HTML format".
+
+- Open messages only as plain text! Go to the main window
+ :menuselection:`Main Menu-->View-->Message Body As-->Plain Text`!
+
+TkRat (GUI)
+***********
+
+Works. Use "Insert file..." or external editor.
+
+Gmail (Web GUI)
+***************
+
+Does not work for sending patches.
+
+Gmail web client converts tabs to spaces automatically.
+
+At the same time it wraps lines every 78 chars with CRLF style line breaks
+although tab2space problem can be solved with external editor.
+
+Another problem is that Gmail will base64-encode any message that has a
+non-ASCII character. That includes things like European names.