Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 351 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumstd.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumstd.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6af71b74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/vidioc-enumstd.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
+.. c:namespace:: V4L
+
+.. _VIDIOC_ENUMSTD:
+
+*******************************************
+ioctl VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD
+*******************************************
+
+Name
+====
+
+VIDIOC_ENUMSTD - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD - Enumerate supported video standards
+
+Synopsis
+========
+
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_ENUMSTD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, struct v4l2_standard *argp)``
+
+.. c:macro:: VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD
+
+``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_ENUMSTD, struct v4l2_standard *argp)``
+
+Arguments
+=========
+
+``fd``
+    File descriptor returned by :c:func:`open()`.
+
+``argp``
+    Pointer to struct :c:type:`v4l2_standard`.
+
+Description
+===========
+
+To query the attributes of a video standard, especially a custom (driver
+defined) one, applications initialize the ``index`` field of struct
+:c:type:`v4l2_standard` and call the :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMSTD`
+ioctl with a pointer to this structure. Drivers fill the rest of the
+structure or return an ``EINVAL`` error code when the index is out of
+bounds. To enumerate all standards applications shall begin at index
+zero, incrementing by one until the driver returns ``EINVAL``. Drivers may
+enumerate a different set of standards after switching the video input
+or output. [#f1]_
+
+.. c:type:: v4l2_standard
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.5cm}|
+
+.. flat-table:: struct v4l2_standard
+    :header-rows:  0
+    :stub-columns: 0
+    :widths:       1 1 2
+
+    * - __u32
+      - ``index``
+      - Number of the video standard, set by the application.
+    * - :ref:`v4l2_std_id <v4l2-std-id>`
+      - ``id``
+      - The bits in this field identify the standard as one of the common
+	standards listed in :ref:`v4l2-std-id`, or if bits 32 to 63 are
+	set as custom standards. Multiple bits can be set if the hardware
+	does not distinguish between these standards, however separate
+	indices do not indicate the opposite. The ``id`` must be unique.
+	No other enumerated struct :c:type:`v4l2_standard` structure,
+	for this input or output anyway, can contain the same set of bits.
+    * - __u8
+      - ``name``\ [24]
+      - Name of the standard, a NUL-terminated ASCII string, for example:
+	"PAL-B/G", "NTSC Japan". This information is intended for the
+	user.
+    * - struct :c:type:`v4l2_fract`
+      - ``frameperiod``
+      - The frame period (not field period) is numerator / denominator.
+	For example M/NTSC has a frame period of 1001 / 30000 seconds.
+    * - __u32
+      - ``framelines``
+      - Total lines per frame including blanking, e. g. 625 for B/PAL.
+    * - __u32
+      - ``reserved``\ [4]
+      - Reserved for future extensions. Drivers must set the array to
+	zero.
+
+
+.. c:type:: v4l2_fract
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.5cm}|
+
+.. flat-table:: struct v4l2_fract
+    :header-rows:  0
+    :stub-columns: 0
+    :widths:       1 1 2
+
+    * - __u32
+      - ``numerator``
+      -
+    * - __u32
+      - ``denominator``
+      -
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.5cm}|
+
+.. _v4l2-std-id:
+
+.. flat-table:: typedef v4l2_std_id
+    :header-rows:  0
+    :stub-columns: 0
+    :widths:       1 1 2
+
+    * - __u64
+      - ``v4l2_std_id``
+      - This type is a set, each bit representing another video standard
+	as listed below and in :ref:`video-standards`. The 32 most
+	significant bits are reserved for custom (driver defined) video
+	standards.
+
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_B          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000001)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_B1         ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000002)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_G          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000004)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_H          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000008)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_I          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000010)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_D          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000020)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_D1         ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000040)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_K          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000080)
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_M          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000100)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_N          ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000200)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_Nc         ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000400)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_60         ((v4l2_std_id)0x00000800)
+
+``V4L2_STD_PAL_60`` is a hybrid standard with 525 lines, 60 Hz refresh
+rate, and PAL color modulation with a 4.43 MHz color subcarrier. Some
+PAL video recorders can play back NTSC tapes in this mode for display on
+a 50/60 Hz agnostic PAL TV.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_NTSC_M         ((v4l2_std_id)0x00001000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_JP      ((v4l2_std_id)0x00002000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_NTSC_443       ((v4l2_std_id)0x00004000)
+
+``V4L2_STD_NTSC_443`` is a hybrid standard with 525 lines, 60 Hz refresh
+rate, and NTSC color modulation with a 4.43 MHz color subcarrier.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_KR      ((v4l2_std_id)0x00008000)
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_B        ((v4l2_std_id)0x00010000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_D        ((v4l2_std_id)0x00020000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_G        ((v4l2_std_id)0x00040000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_H        ((v4l2_std_id)0x00080000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_K        ((v4l2_std_id)0x00100000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_K1       ((v4l2_std_id)0x00200000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_L        ((v4l2_std_id)0x00400000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_LC       ((v4l2_std_id)0x00800000)
+
+    /* ATSC/HDTV */
+    #define V4L2_STD_ATSC_8_VSB     ((v4l2_std_id)0x01000000)
+    #define V4L2_STD_ATSC_16_VSB    ((v4l2_std_id)0x02000000)
+
+``V4L2_STD_ATSC_8_VSB`` and ``V4L2_STD_ATSC_16_VSB`` are U.S.
+terrestrial digital TV standards. Presently the V4L2 API does not
+support digital TV. See also the Linux DVB API at
+`https://linuxtv.org <https://linuxtv.org>`__.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_BG         (V4L2_STD_PAL_B         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_B1        |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_G)
+    #define V4L2_STD_B              (V4L2_STD_PAL_B         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_B1        |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_B)
+    #define V4L2_STD_GH             (V4L2_STD_PAL_G         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_H         |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_G       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_H)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL_DK         (V4L2_STD_PAL_D         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_D1        |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_K)
+    #define V4L2_STD_PAL            (V4L2_STD_PAL_BG        |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_DK        |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_H         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_I)
+    #define V4L2_STD_NTSC           (V4L2_STD_NTSC_M        |
+		     V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_JP     |
+		     V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_KR)
+    #define V4L2_STD_MN             (V4L2_STD_PAL_M         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_N         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_Nc        |
+		     V4L2_STD_NTSC)
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM_DK       (V4L2_STD_SECAM_D       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_K       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_K1)
+    #define V4L2_STD_DK             (V4L2_STD_PAL_DK        |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_DK)
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_SECAM          (V4L2_STD_SECAM_B       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_G       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_H       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_DK      |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_L       |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM_LC)
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_525_60         (V4L2_STD_PAL_M         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_60        |
+		     V4L2_STD_NTSC          |
+		     V4L2_STD_NTSC_443)
+    #define V4L2_STD_625_50         (V4L2_STD_PAL           |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_N         |
+		     V4L2_STD_PAL_Nc        |
+		     V4L2_STD_SECAM)
+
+    #define V4L2_STD_UNKNOWN        0
+    #define V4L2_STD_ALL            (V4L2_STD_525_60        |
+		     V4L2_STD_625_50)
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+    \begingroup
+    \tiny
+    \setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
+
+..                            NTSC/M   PAL/M    /N       /B       /D       /H       /I        SECAM/B    /D       /K1     /L
+.. tabularcolumns:: |p{1.43cm}|p{1.38cm}|p{1.59cm}|p{1.7cm}|p{1.7cm}|p{1.17cm}|p{0.64cm}|p{1.71cm}|p{1.6cm}|p{1.07cm}|p{1.07cm}|p{1.07cm}|
+
+.. _video-standards:
+
+.. flat-table:: Video Standards (based on :ref:`itu470`)
+    :header-rows:  1
+    :stub-columns: 0
+
+    * - Characteristics
+      - M/NTSC [#f2]_
+      - M/PAL
+      - N/PAL [#f3]_
+      - B, B1, G/PAL
+      - D, D1, K/PAL
+      - H/PAL
+      - I/PAL
+      - B, G/SECAM
+      - D, K/SECAM
+      - K1/SECAM
+      - L/SECAM
+    * - Frame lines
+      - :cspan:`1` 525
+      - :cspan:`8` 625
+    * - Frame period (s)
+      - :cspan:`1` 1001/30000
+      - :cspan:`8` 1/25
+    * - Chrominance sub-carrier frequency (Hz)
+      - 3579545 ± 10
+      - 3579611.49 ± 10
+      - 4433618.75 ± 5
+
+	(3582056.25 ± 5)
+      - :cspan:`3` 4433618.75 ± 5
+      - 4433618.75 ± 1
+      - :cspan:`2` f\ :sub:`OR` = 4406250 ± 2000,
+
+	f\ :sub:`OB` = 4250000 ± 2000
+    * - Nominal radio-frequency channel bandwidth (MHz)
+      - 6
+      - 6
+      - 6
+      - B: 7; B1, G: 8
+      - 8
+      - 8
+      - 8
+      - 8
+      - 8
+      - 8
+      - 8
+    * - Sound carrier relative to vision carrier (MHz)
+      - 4.5
+      - 4.5
+      - 4.5
+      - 5.5 ± 0.001  [#f4]_  [#f5]_  [#f6]_  [#f7]_
+      - 6.5 ± 0.001
+      - 5.5
+      - 5.9996 ± 0.0005
+      - 5.5 ± 0.001
+      - 6.5 ± 0.001
+      - 6.5
+      - 6.5 [#f8]_
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+    \endgroup
+
+
+Return Value
+============
+
+On success 0 is returned, on error -1 and the ``errno`` variable is set
+appropriately. The generic error codes are described at the
+:ref:`Generic Error Codes <gen-errors>` chapter.
+
+EINVAL
+    The struct :c:type:`v4l2_standard` ``index`` is out
+    of bounds.
+
+ENODATA
+    Standard video timings are not supported for this input or output.
+
+.. [#f1]
+   The supported standards may overlap and we need an unambiguous set to
+   find the current standard returned by :ref:`VIDIOC_G_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>`.
+
+.. [#f2]
+   Japan uses a standard similar to M/NTSC (V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_JP).
+
+.. [#f3]
+   The values in brackets apply to the combination N/PAL a.k.a.
+   N\ :sub:`C` used in Argentina (V4L2_STD_PAL_Nc).
+
+.. [#f4]
+   In the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, Italy, the Netherlands,
+   Slovakia and Switzerland a system of two sound carriers is used, the
+   frequency of the second carrier being 242.1875 kHz above the
+   frequency of the first sound carrier. For stereophonic sound
+   transmissions a similar system is used in Australia.
+
+.. [#f5]
+   New Zealand uses a sound carrier displaced 5.4996 ± 0.0005 MHz from
+   the vision carrier.
+
+.. [#f6]
+   In Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Sweden and Spain a system of two
+   sound carriers is used. In Iceland, Norway and Poland the same system
+   is being introduced. The second carrier is 5.85 MHz above the vision
+   carrier and is DQPSK modulated with 728 kbit/s sound and data
+   multiplex. (NICAM system)
+
+.. [#f7]
+   In the United Kingdom, a system of two sound carriers is used. The
+   second sound carrier is 6.552 MHz above the vision carrier and is
+   DQPSK modulated with a 728 kbit/s sound and data multiplex able to
+   carry two sound channels. (NICAM system)
+
+.. [#f8]
+   In France, a digital carrier 5.85 MHz away from the vision carrier
+   may be used in addition to the main sound carrier. It is modulated in
+   differentially encoded QPSK with a 728 kbit/s sound and data
+   multiplexer capable of carrying two sound channels. (NICAM system)