Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 555 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/powerplay/hwmgr/ppevvmath.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/powerplay/hwmgr/ppevvmath.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dac29fe6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/powerplay/hwmgr/ppevvmath.h
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+ * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+ * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+ * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+ * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+ * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+#include <asm/div64.h>
+
+#define SHIFT_AMOUNT 16 /* We multiply all original integers with 2^SHIFT_AMOUNT to get the fInt representation */
+
+#define PRECISION 5 /* Change this value to change the number of decimal places in the final output - 5 is a good default */
+
+#define SHIFTED_2 (2 << SHIFT_AMOUNT)
+#define MAX (1 << (SHIFT_AMOUNT - 1)) - 1 /* 32767 - Might change in the future */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * NEW TYPE - fINT
+ * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * A variable of type fInt can be accessed in 3 ways using the dot (.) operator
+ * fInt A;
+ * A.full => The full number as it is. Generally not easy to read
+ * A.partial.real => Only the integer portion
+ * A.partial.decimal => Only the fractional portion
+ */
+typedef union _fInt {
+    int full;
+    struct _partial {
+        unsigned int decimal: SHIFT_AMOUNT; /*Needs to always be unsigned*/
+        int real: 32 - SHIFT_AMOUNT;
+    } partial;
+} fInt;
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Function Declarations
+ *  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+static fInt ConvertToFraction(int);                       /* Use this to convert an INT to a FINT */
+static fInt Convert_ULONG_ToFraction(uint32_t);           /* Use this to convert an uint32_t to a FINT */
+static fInt GetScaledFraction(int, int);                  /* Use this to convert an INT to a FINT after scaling it by a factor */
+static int ConvertBackToInteger(fInt);                    /* Convert a FINT back to an INT that is scaled by 1000 (i.e. last 3 digits are the decimal digits) */
+
+static fInt fNegate(fInt);                                /* Returns -1 * input fInt value */
+static fInt fAdd (fInt, fInt);                            /* Returns the sum of two fInt numbers */
+static fInt fSubtract (fInt A, fInt B);                   /* Returns A-B - Sometimes easier than Adding negative numbers */
+static fInt fMultiply (fInt, fInt);                       /* Returns the product of two fInt numbers */
+static fInt fDivide (fInt A, fInt B);                     /* Returns A/B */
+static fInt fGetSquare(fInt);                             /* Returns the square of a fInt number */
+static fInt fSqrt(fInt);                                  /* Returns the Square Root of a fInt number */
+
+static int uAbs(int);                                     /* Returns the Absolute value of the Int */
+static int uPow(int base, int exponent);                  /* Returns base^exponent an INT */
+
+static void SolveQuadracticEqn(fInt, fInt, fInt, fInt[]); /* Returns the 2 roots via the array */
+static bool Equal(fInt, fInt);                            /* Returns true if two fInts are equal to each other */
+static bool GreaterThan(fInt A, fInt B);                  /* Returns true if A > B */
+
+static fInt fExponential(fInt exponent);                  /* Can be used to calculate e^exponent */
+static fInt fNaturalLog(fInt value);                      /* Can be used to calculate ln(value) */
+
+/* Fuse decoding functions
+ * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+static fInt fDecodeLinearFuse(uint32_t fuse_value, fInt f_min, fInt f_range, uint32_t bitlength);
+static fInt fDecodeLogisticFuse(uint32_t fuse_value, fInt f_average, fInt f_range, uint32_t bitlength);
+static fInt fDecodeLeakageID (uint32_t leakageID_fuse, fInt ln_max_div_min, fInt f_min, uint32_t bitlength);
+
+/* Internal Support Functions - Use these ONLY for testing or adding to internal functions
+ * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Some of the following functions take two INTs as their input - This is unsafe for a variety of reasons.
+ */
+static fInt Divide (int, int);                            /* Divide two INTs and return result as FINT */
+static fInt fNegate(fInt);
+
+static int uGetScaledDecimal (fInt);                      /* Internal function */
+static int GetReal (fInt A);                              /* Internal function */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * TROUBLESHOOTING INFORMATION
+ * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * 1) ConvertToFraction - InputOutOfRangeException: Only accepts numbers smaller than MAX (default: 32767)
+ * 2) fAdd - OutputOutOfRangeException: Output bigger than MAX (default: 32767)
+ * 3) fMultiply - OutputOutOfRangeException:
+ * 4) fGetSquare - OutputOutOfRangeException:
+ * 5) fDivide - DivideByZeroException
+ * 6) fSqrt - NegativeSquareRootException: Input cannot be a negative number
+ */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * START OF CODE
+ * -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+static fInt fExponential(fInt exponent)        /*Can be used to calculate e^exponent*/
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	bool bNegated = false;
+
+	fInt fPositiveOne = ConvertToFraction(1);
+	fInt fZERO = ConvertToFraction(0);
+
+	fInt lower_bound = Divide(78, 10000);
+	fInt solution = fPositiveOne; /*Starting off with baseline of 1 */
+	fInt error_term;
+
+	static const uint32_t k_array[11] = {55452, 27726, 13863, 6931, 4055, 2231, 1178, 606, 308, 155, 78};
+	static const uint32_t expk_array[11] = {2560000, 160000, 40000, 20000, 15000, 12500, 11250, 10625, 10313, 10156, 10078};
+
+	if (GreaterThan(fZERO, exponent)) {
+		exponent = fNegate(exponent);
+		bNegated = true;
+	}
+
+	while (GreaterThan(exponent, lower_bound)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
+			if (GreaterThan(exponent, GetScaledFraction(k_array[i], 10000))) {
+				exponent = fSubtract(exponent, GetScaledFraction(k_array[i], 10000));
+				solution = fMultiply(solution, GetScaledFraction(expk_array[i], 10000));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	error_term = fAdd(fPositiveOne, exponent);
+
+	solution = fMultiply(solution, error_term);
+
+	if (bNegated)
+		solution = fDivide(fPositiveOne, solution);
+
+	return solution;
+}
+
+static fInt fNaturalLog(fInt value)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	fInt upper_bound = Divide(8, 1000);
+	fInt fNegativeOne = ConvertToFraction(-1);
+	fInt solution = ConvertToFraction(0); /*Starting off with baseline of 0 */
+	fInt error_term;
+
+	static const uint32_t k_array[10] = {160000, 40000, 20000, 15000, 12500, 11250, 10625, 10313, 10156, 10078};
+	static const uint32_t logk_array[10] = {27726, 13863, 6931, 4055, 2231, 1178, 606, 308, 155, 78};
+
+	while (GreaterThan(fAdd(value, fNegativeOne), upper_bound)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+			if (GreaterThan(value, GetScaledFraction(k_array[i], 10000))) {
+				value = fDivide(value, GetScaledFraction(k_array[i], 10000));
+				solution = fAdd(solution, GetScaledFraction(logk_array[i], 10000));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	error_term = fAdd(fNegativeOne, value);
+
+	return (fAdd(solution, error_term));
+}
+
+static fInt fDecodeLinearFuse(uint32_t fuse_value, fInt f_min, fInt f_range, uint32_t bitlength)
+{
+	fInt f_fuse_value = Convert_ULONG_ToFraction(fuse_value);
+	fInt f_bit_max_value = Convert_ULONG_ToFraction((uPow(2, bitlength)) - 1);
+
+	fInt f_decoded_value;
+
+	f_decoded_value = fDivide(f_fuse_value, f_bit_max_value);
+	f_decoded_value = fMultiply(f_decoded_value, f_range);
+	f_decoded_value = fAdd(f_decoded_value, f_min);
+
+	return f_decoded_value;
+}
+
+
+static fInt fDecodeLogisticFuse(uint32_t fuse_value, fInt f_average, fInt f_range, uint32_t bitlength)
+{
+	fInt f_fuse_value = Convert_ULONG_ToFraction(fuse_value);
+	fInt f_bit_max_value = Convert_ULONG_ToFraction((uPow(2, bitlength)) - 1);
+
+	fInt f_CONSTANT_NEG13 = ConvertToFraction(-13);
+	fInt f_CONSTANT1 = ConvertToFraction(1);
+
+	fInt f_decoded_value;
+
+	f_decoded_value = fSubtract(fDivide(f_bit_max_value, f_fuse_value), f_CONSTANT1);
+	f_decoded_value = fNaturalLog(f_decoded_value);
+	f_decoded_value = fMultiply(f_decoded_value, fDivide(f_range, f_CONSTANT_NEG13));
+	f_decoded_value = fAdd(f_decoded_value, f_average);
+
+	return f_decoded_value;
+}
+
+static fInt fDecodeLeakageID (uint32_t leakageID_fuse, fInt ln_max_div_min, fInt f_min, uint32_t bitlength)
+{
+	fInt fLeakage;
+	fInt f_bit_max_value = Convert_ULONG_ToFraction((uPow(2, bitlength)) - 1);
+
+	fLeakage = fMultiply(ln_max_div_min, Convert_ULONG_ToFraction(leakageID_fuse));
+	fLeakage = fDivide(fLeakage, f_bit_max_value);
+	fLeakage = fExponential(fLeakage);
+	fLeakage = fMultiply(fLeakage, f_min);
+
+	return fLeakage;
+}
+
+static fInt ConvertToFraction(int X) /*Add all range checking here. Is it possible to make fInt a private declaration? */
+{
+	fInt temp;
+
+	if (X <= MAX)
+		temp.full = (X << SHIFT_AMOUNT);
+	else
+		temp.full = 0;
+
+	return temp;
+}
+
+static fInt fNegate(fInt X)
+{
+	fInt CONSTANT_NEGONE = ConvertToFraction(-1);
+	return (fMultiply(X, CONSTANT_NEGONE));
+}
+
+static fInt Convert_ULONG_ToFraction(uint32_t X)
+{
+	fInt temp;
+
+	if (X <= MAX)
+		temp.full = (X << SHIFT_AMOUNT);
+	else
+		temp.full = 0;
+
+	return temp;
+}
+
+static fInt GetScaledFraction(int X, int factor)
+{
+	int times_shifted, factor_shifted;
+	bool bNEGATED;
+	fInt fValue;
+
+	times_shifted = 0;
+	factor_shifted = 0;
+	bNEGATED = false;
+
+	if (X < 0) {
+		X = -1*X;
+		bNEGATED = true;
+	}
+
+	if (factor < 0) {
+		factor = -1*factor;
+		bNEGATED = !bNEGATED; /*If bNEGATED = true due to X < 0, this will cover the case of negative cancelling negative */
+	}
+
+	if ((X > MAX) || factor > MAX) {
+		if ((X/factor) <= MAX) {
+			while (X > MAX) {
+				X = X >> 1;
+				times_shifted++;
+			}
+
+			while (factor > MAX) {
+				factor = factor >> 1;
+				factor_shifted++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			fValue.full = 0;
+			return fValue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (factor == 1)
+		return ConvertToFraction(X);
+
+	fValue = fDivide(ConvertToFraction(X * uPow(-1, bNEGATED)), ConvertToFraction(factor));
+
+	fValue.full = fValue.full << times_shifted;
+	fValue.full = fValue.full >> factor_shifted;
+
+	return fValue;
+}
+
+/* Addition using two fInts */
+static fInt fAdd (fInt X, fInt Y)
+{
+	fInt Sum;
+
+	Sum.full = X.full + Y.full;
+
+	return Sum;
+}
+
+/* Addition using two fInts */
+static fInt fSubtract (fInt X, fInt Y)
+{
+	fInt Difference;
+
+	Difference.full = X.full - Y.full;
+
+	return Difference;
+}
+
+static bool Equal(fInt A, fInt B)
+{
+	if (A.full == B.full)
+		return true;
+	else
+		return false;
+}
+
+static bool GreaterThan(fInt A, fInt B)
+{
+	if (A.full > B.full)
+		return true;
+	else
+		return false;
+}
+
+static fInt fMultiply (fInt X, fInt Y) /* Uses 64-bit integers (int64_t) */
+{
+	fInt Product;
+	int64_t tempProduct;
+
+	/*The following is for a very specific common case: Non-zero number with ONLY fractional portion*/
+	/* TEMPORARILY DISABLED - CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE PRECISION
+	bool X_LessThanOne, Y_LessThanOne;
+
+	X_LessThanOne = (X.partial.real == 0 && X.partial.decimal != 0 && X.full >= 0);
+	Y_LessThanOne = (Y.partial.real == 0 && Y.partial.decimal != 0 && Y.full >= 0);
+
+	if (X_LessThanOne && Y_LessThanOne) {
+		Product.full = X.full * Y.full;
+		return Product
+	}*/
+
+	tempProduct = ((int64_t)X.full) * ((int64_t)Y.full); /*Q(16,16)*Q(16,16) = Q(32, 32) - Might become a negative number! */
+	tempProduct = tempProduct >> 16; /*Remove lagging 16 bits - Will lose some precision from decimal; */
+	Product.full = (int)tempProduct; /*The int64_t will lose the leading 16 bits that were part of the integer portion */
+
+	return Product;
+}
+
+static fInt fDivide (fInt X, fInt Y)
+{
+	fInt fZERO, fQuotient;
+	int64_t longlongX, longlongY;
+
+	fZERO = ConvertToFraction(0);
+
+	if (Equal(Y, fZERO))
+		return fZERO;
+
+	longlongX = (int64_t)X.full;
+	longlongY = (int64_t)Y.full;
+
+	longlongX = longlongX << 16; /*Q(16,16) -> Q(32,32) */
+
+	div64_s64(longlongX, longlongY); /*Q(32,32) divided by Q(16,16) = Q(16,16) Back to original format */
+
+	fQuotient.full = (int)longlongX;
+	return fQuotient;
+}
+
+static int ConvertBackToInteger (fInt A) /*THIS is the function that will be used to check with the Golden settings table*/
+{
+	fInt fullNumber, scaledDecimal, scaledReal;
+
+	scaledReal.full = GetReal(A) * uPow(10, PRECISION-1); /* DOUBLE CHECK THISSSS!!! */
+
+	scaledDecimal.full = uGetScaledDecimal(A);
+
+	fullNumber = fAdd(scaledDecimal,scaledReal);
+
+	return fullNumber.full;
+}
+
+static fInt fGetSquare(fInt A)
+{
+	return fMultiply(A,A);
+}
+
+/* x_new = x_old - (x_old^2 - C) / (2 * x_old) */
+static fInt fSqrt(fInt num)
+{
+	fInt F_divide_Fprime, Fprime;
+	fInt test;
+	fInt twoShifted;
+	int seed, counter, error;
+	fInt x_new, x_old, C, y;
+
+	fInt fZERO = ConvertToFraction(0);
+
+	/* (0 > num) is the same as (num < 0), i.e., num is negative */
+
+	if (GreaterThan(fZERO, num) || Equal(fZERO, num))
+		return fZERO;
+
+	C = num;
+
+	if (num.partial.real > 3000)
+		seed = 60;
+	else if (num.partial.real > 1000)
+		seed = 30;
+	else if (num.partial.real > 100)
+		seed = 10;
+	else
+		seed = 2;
+
+	counter = 0;
+
+	if (Equal(num, fZERO)) /*Square Root of Zero is zero */
+		return fZERO;
+
+	twoShifted = ConvertToFraction(2);
+	x_new = ConvertToFraction(seed);
+
+	do {
+		counter++;
+
+		x_old.full = x_new.full;
+
+		test = fGetSquare(x_old); /*1.75*1.75 is reverting back to 1 when shifted down */
+		y = fSubtract(test, C); /*y = f(x) = x^2 - C; */
+
+		Fprime = fMultiply(twoShifted, x_old);
+		F_divide_Fprime = fDivide(y, Fprime);
+
+		x_new = fSubtract(x_old, F_divide_Fprime);
+
+		error = ConvertBackToInteger(x_new) - ConvertBackToInteger(x_old);
+
+		if (counter > 20) /*20 is already way too many iterations. If we dont have an answer by then, we never will*/
+			return x_new;
+
+	} while (uAbs(error) > 0);
+
+	return (x_new);
+}
+
+static void SolveQuadracticEqn(fInt A, fInt B, fInt C, fInt Roots[])
+{
+	fInt *pRoots = &Roots[0];
+	fInt temp, root_first, root_second;
+	fInt f_CONSTANT10, f_CONSTANT100;
+
+	f_CONSTANT100 = ConvertToFraction(100);
+	f_CONSTANT10 = ConvertToFraction(10);
+
+	while(GreaterThan(A, f_CONSTANT100) || GreaterThan(B, f_CONSTANT100) || GreaterThan(C, f_CONSTANT100)) {
+		A = fDivide(A, f_CONSTANT10);
+		B = fDivide(B, f_CONSTANT10);
+		C = fDivide(C, f_CONSTANT10);
+	}
+
+	temp = fMultiply(ConvertToFraction(4), A); /* root = 4*A */
+	temp = fMultiply(temp, C); /* root = 4*A*C */
+	temp = fSubtract(fGetSquare(B), temp); /* root = b^2 - 4AC */
+	temp = fSqrt(temp); /*root = Sqrt (b^2 - 4AC); */
+
+	root_first = fSubtract(fNegate(B), temp); /* b - Sqrt(b^2 - 4AC) */
+	root_second = fAdd(fNegate(B), temp); /* b + Sqrt(b^2 - 4AC) */
+
+	root_first = fDivide(root_first, ConvertToFraction(2)); /* [b +- Sqrt(b^2 - 4AC)]/[2] */
+	root_first = fDivide(root_first, A); /*[b +- Sqrt(b^2 - 4AC)]/[2*A] */
+
+	root_second = fDivide(root_second, ConvertToFraction(2)); /* [b +- Sqrt(b^2 - 4AC)]/[2] */
+	root_second = fDivide(root_second, A); /*[b +- Sqrt(b^2 - 4AC)]/[2*A] */
+
+	*(pRoots + 0) = root_first;
+	*(pRoots + 1) = root_second;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
+ * -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/* Conversion Functions */
+static int GetReal (fInt A)
+{
+	return (A.full >> SHIFT_AMOUNT);
+}
+
+static fInt Divide (int X, int Y)
+{
+	fInt A, B, Quotient;
+
+	A.full = X << SHIFT_AMOUNT;
+	B.full = Y << SHIFT_AMOUNT;
+
+	Quotient = fDivide(A, B);
+
+	return Quotient;
+}
+
+static int uGetScaledDecimal (fInt A) /*Converts the fractional portion to whole integers - Costly function */
+{
+	int dec[PRECISION];
+	int i, scaledDecimal = 0, tmp = A.partial.decimal;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < PRECISION; i++) {
+		dec[i] = tmp / (1 << SHIFT_AMOUNT);
+		tmp = tmp - ((1 << SHIFT_AMOUNT)*dec[i]);
+		tmp *= 10;
+		scaledDecimal = scaledDecimal + dec[i]*uPow(10, PRECISION - 1 -i);
+	}
+
+	return scaledDecimal;
+}
+
+static int uPow(int base, int power)
+{
+	if (power == 0)
+		return 1;
+	else
+		return (base)*uPow(base, power - 1);
+}
+
+static int uAbs(int X)
+{
+	if (X < 0)
+		return (X * -1);
+	else
+		return X;
+}
+
+static fInt fRoundUpByStepSize(fInt A, fInt fStepSize, bool error_term)
+{
+	fInt solution;
+
+	solution = fDivide(A, fStepSize);
+	solution.partial.decimal = 0; /*All fractional digits changes to 0 */
+
+	if (error_term)
+		solution.partial.real += 1; /*Error term of 1 added */
+
+	solution = fMultiply(solution, fStepSize);
+	solution = fAdd(solution, fStepSize);
+
+	return solution;
+}
+