Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 1953 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56f7d0d6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1953 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
+ *             http://www.samsung.com/
+ */
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/mpage.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/f2fs_fs.h>
+#include <linux/pagevec.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+
+#include "f2fs.h"
+#include "node.h"
+#include "segment.h"
+#include "iostat.h"
+#include <trace/events/f2fs.h>
+
+#define DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_IOPRIO (IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 3))
+
+static struct kmem_cache *ino_entry_slab;
+struct kmem_cache *f2fs_inode_entry_slab;
+
+void f2fs_stop_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool end_io,
+						unsigned char reason)
+{
+	f2fs_build_fault_attr(sbi, 0, 0);
+	set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_ERROR_FLAG);
+	if (!end_io) {
+		f2fs_flush_merged_writes(sbi);
+
+		f2fs_handle_stop(sbi, reason);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * We guarantee no failure on the returned page.
+ */
+struct page *f2fs_grab_meta_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
+	struct page *page;
+repeat:
+	page = f2fs_grab_cache_page(mapping, index, false);
+	if (!page) {
+		cond_resched();
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback(page, META, true, true);
+	if (!PageUptodate(page))
+		SetPageUptodate(page);
+	return page;
+}
+
+static struct page *__get_meta_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index,
+							bool is_meta)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
+	struct page *page;
+	struct f2fs_io_info fio = {
+		.sbi = sbi,
+		.type = META,
+		.op = REQ_OP_READ,
+		.op_flags = REQ_META | REQ_PRIO,
+		.old_blkaddr = index,
+		.new_blkaddr = index,
+		.encrypted_page = NULL,
+		.is_por = !is_meta,
+	};
+	int err;
+
+	if (unlikely(!is_meta))
+		fio.op_flags &= ~REQ_META;
+repeat:
+	page = f2fs_grab_cache_page(mapping, index, false);
+	if (!page) {
+		cond_resched();
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	if (PageUptodate(page))
+		goto out;
+
+	fio.page = page;
+
+	err = f2fs_submit_page_bio(&fio);
+	if (err) {
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	f2fs_update_iostat(sbi, NULL, FS_META_READ_IO, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+
+	lock_page(page);
+	if (unlikely(page->mapping != mapping)) {
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(!PageUptodate(page))) {
+		f2fs_handle_page_eio(sbi, page->index, META);
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+	}
+out:
+	return page;
+}
+
+struct page *f2fs_get_meta_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	return __get_meta_page(sbi, index, true);
+}
+
+struct page *f2fs_get_meta_page_retry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	struct page *page;
+	int count = 0;
+
+retry:
+	page = __get_meta_page(sbi, index, true);
+	if (IS_ERR(page)) {
+		if (PTR_ERR(page) == -EIO &&
+				++count <= DEFAULT_RETRY_IO_COUNT)
+			goto retry;
+		f2fs_stop_checkpoint(sbi, false, STOP_CP_REASON_META_PAGE);
+	}
+	return page;
+}
+
+/* for POR only */
+struct page *f2fs_get_tmp_page(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	return __get_meta_page(sbi, index, false);
+}
+
+static bool __is_bitmap_valid(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t blkaddr,
+							int type)
+{
+	struct seg_entry *se;
+	unsigned int segno, offset;
+	bool exist;
+
+	if (type == DATA_GENERIC)
+		return true;
+
+	segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, blkaddr);
+	offset = GET_BLKOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, blkaddr);
+	se = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+
+	exist = f2fs_test_bit(offset, se->cur_valid_map);
+	if (exist && type == DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_UPDATE) {
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "Inconsistent error blkaddr:%u, sit bitmap:%d",
+			 blkaddr, exist);
+		set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+		return exist;
+	}
+
+	if (!exist && type == DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE) {
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "Inconsistent error blkaddr:%u, sit bitmap:%d",
+			 blkaddr, exist);
+		set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+	return exist;
+}
+
+bool f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					block_t blkaddr, int type)
+{
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_BLKADDR)) {
+		f2fs_show_injection_info(sbi, FAULT_BLKADDR);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case META_NAT:
+		break;
+	case META_SIT:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= SIT_BLK_CNT(sbi)))
+			return false;
+		break;
+	case META_SSA:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+			blkaddr < SM_I(sbi)->ssa_blkaddr))
+			return false;
+		break;
+	case META_CP:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= SIT_I(sbi)->sit_base_addr ||
+			blkaddr < __start_cp_addr(sbi)))
+			return false;
+		break;
+	case META_POR:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+			blkaddr < MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi)))
+			return false;
+		break;
+	case DATA_GENERIC:
+	case DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE:
+	case DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_READ:
+	case DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_UPDATE:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+				blkaddr < MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi))) {
+			f2fs_warn(sbi, "access invalid blkaddr:%u",
+				  blkaddr);
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+			dump_stack();
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			return __is_bitmap_valid(sbi, blkaddr, type);
+		}
+		break;
+	case META_GENERIC:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr < SEG0_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+			blkaddr >= MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi)))
+			return false;
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Readahead CP/NAT/SIT/SSA/POR pages
+ */
+int f2fs_ra_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start, int nrpages,
+							int type, bool sync)
+{
+	struct page *page;
+	block_t blkno = start;
+	struct f2fs_io_info fio = {
+		.sbi = sbi,
+		.type = META,
+		.op = REQ_OP_READ,
+		.op_flags = sync ? (REQ_META | REQ_PRIO) : REQ_RAHEAD,
+		.encrypted_page = NULL,
+		.in_list = false,
+		.is_por = (type == META_POR),
+	};
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+	int err;
+
+	if (unlikely(type == META_POR))
+		fio.op_flags &= ~REQ_META;
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	for (; nrpages-- > 0; blkno++) {
+
+		if (!f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(sbi, blkno, type))
+			goto out;
+
+		switch (type) {
+		case META_NAT:
+			if (unlikely(blkno >=
+					NAT_BLOCK_OFFSET(NM_I(sbi)->max_nid)))
+				blkno = 0;
+			/* get nat block addr */
+			fio.new_blkaddr = current_nat_addr(sbi,
+					blkno * NAT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
+			break;
+		case META_SIT:
+			if (unlikely(blkno >= TOTAL_SEGS(sbi)))
+				goto out;
+			/* get sit block addr */
+			fio.new_blkaddr = current_sit_addr(sbi,
+					blkno * SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
+			break;
+		case META_SSA:
+		case META_CP:
+		case META_POR:
+			fio.new_blkaddr = blkno;
+			break;
+		default:
+			BUG();
+		}
+
+		page = f2fs_grab_cache_page(META_MAPPING(sbi),
+						fio.new_blkaddr, false);
+		if (!page)
+			continue;
+		if (PageUptodate(page)) {
+			f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		fio.page = page;
+		err = f2fs_submit_page_bio(&fio);
+		f2fs_put_page(page, err ? 1 : 0);
+
+		if (!err)
+			f2fs_update_iostat(sbi, NULL, FS_META_READ_IO,
+							F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+	}
+out:
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+	return blkno - start;
+}
+
+void f2fs_ra_meta_pages_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index,
+							unsigned int ra_blocks)
+{
+	struct page *page;
+	bool readahead = false;
+
+	if (ra_blocks == RECOVERY_MIN_RA_BLOCKS)
+		return;
+
+	page = find_get_page(META_MAPPING(sbi), index);
+	if (!page || !PageUptodate(page))
+		readahead = true;
+	f2fs_put_page(page, 0);
+
+	if (readahead)
+		f2fs_ra_meta_pages(sbi, index, ra_blocks, META_POR, true);
+}
+
+static int __f2fs_write_meta_page(struct page *page,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc,
+				enum iostat_type io_type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_P_SB(page);
+
+	trace_f2fs_writepage(page, META);
+
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+		goto redirty_out;
+	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
+		goto redirty_out;
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim && page->index < GET_SUM_BLOCK(sbi, 0))
+		goto redirty_out;
+
+	f2fs_do_write_meta_page(sbi, page, io_type);
+	dec_page_count(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write_cond(sbi, NULL, page, 0, META);
+
+	unlock_page(page);
+
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, META);
+
+	return 0;
+
+redirty_out:
+	redirty_page_for_writepage(wbc, page);
+	return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE;
+}
+
+static int f2fs_write_meta_page(struct page *page,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	return __f2fs_write_meta_page(page, wbc, FS_META_IO);
+}
+
+static int f2fs_write_meta_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_M_SB(mapping);
+	long diff, written;
+
+	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
+		goto skip_write;
+
+	/* collect a number of dirty meta pages and write together */
+	if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL &&
+			get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META) <
+					nr_pages_to_skip(sbi, META))
+		goto skip_write;
+
+	/* if locked failed, cp will flush dirty pages instead */
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->cp_global_sem))
+		goto skip_write;
+
+	trace_f2fs_writepages(mapping->host, wbc, META);
+	diff = nr_pages_to_write(sbi, META, wbc);
+	written = f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, wbc->nr_to_write, FS_META_IO);
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+	wbc->nr_to_write = max((long)0, wbc->nr_to_write - written - diff);
+	return 0;
+
+skip_write:
+	wbc->pages_skipped += get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+	trace_f2fs_writepages(mapping->host, wbc, META);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+long f2fs_sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum page_type type,
+				long nr_to_write, enum iostat_type io_type)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
+	pgoff_t index = 0, prev = ULONG_MAX;
+	struct pagevec pvec;
+	long nwritten = 0;
+	int nr_pages;
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {
+		.for_reclaim = 0,
+	};
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+
+	pagevec_init(&pvec);
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+
+	while ((nr_pages = pagevec_lookup_tag(&pvec, mapping, &index,
+				PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY))) {
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
+			struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
+
+			if (prev == ULONG_MAX)
+				prev = page->index - 1;
+			if (nr_to_write != LONG_MAX && page->index != prev + 1) {
+				pagevec_release(&pvec);
+				goto stop;
+			}
+
+			lock_page(page);
+
+			if (unlikely(page->mapping != mapping)) {
+continue_unlock:
+				unlock_page(page);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!PageDirty(page)) {
+				/* someone wrote it for us */
+				goto continue_unlock;
+			}
+
+			f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback(page, META, true, true);
+
+			if (!clear_page_dirty_for_io(page))
+				goto continue_unlock;
+
+			if (__f2fs_write_meta_page(page, &wbc, io_type)) {
+				unlock_page(page);
+				break;
+			}
+			nwritten++;
+			prev = page->index;
+			if (unlikely(nwritten >= nr_to_write))
+				break;
+		}
+		pagevec_release(&pvec);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+stop:
+	if (nwritten)
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, type);
+
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+	return nwritten;
+}
+
+static bool f2fs_dirty_meta_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct folio *folio)
+{
+	trace_f2fs_set_page_dirty(&folio->page, META);
+
+	if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+		folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+	if (filemap_dirty_folio(mapping, folio)) {
+		inc_page_count(F2FS_M_SB(mapping), F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+		set_page_private_reference(&folio->page);
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+const struct address_space_operations f2fs_meta_aops = {
+	.writepage	= f2fs_write_meta_page,
+	.writepages	= f2fs_write_meta_pages,
+	.dirty_folio	= f2fs_dirty_meta_folio,
+	.invalidate_folio = f2fs_invalidate_folio,
+	.release_folio	= f2fs_release_folio,
+	.migrate_folio	= filemap_migrate_folio,
+};
+
+static void __add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
+						unsigned int devidx, int type)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[type];
+	struct ino_entry *e = NULL, *new = NULL;
+
+	if (type == FLUSH_INO) {
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+	}
+
+retry:
+	if (!e)
+		new = f2fs_kmem_cache_alloc(ino_entry_slab,
+						GFP_NOFS, true, NULL);
+
+	radix_tree_preload(GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	if (!e) {
+		if (!new) {
+			spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+			goto retry;
+		}
+		e = new;
+		if (unlikely(radix_tree_insert(&im->ino_root, ino, e)))
+			f2fs_bug_on(sbi, 1);
+
+		memset(e, 0, sizeof(struct ino_entry));
+		e->ino = ino;
+
+		list_add_tail(&e->list, &im->ino_list);
+		if (type != ORPHAN_INO)
+			im->ino_num++;
+	}
+
+	if (type == FLUSH_INO)
+		f2fs_set_bit(devidx, (char *)&e->dirty_device);
+
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	radix_tree_preload_end();
+
+	if (new && e != new)
+		kmem_cache_free(ino_entry_slab, new);
+}
+
+static void __remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[type];
+	struct ino_entry *e;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	if (e) {
+		list_del(&e->list);
+		radix_tree_delete(&im->ino_root, ino);
+		im->ino_num--;
+		spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+		kmem_cache_free(ino_entry_slab, e);
+		return;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+}
+
+void f2fs_add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+{
+	/* add new dirty ino entry into list */
+	__add_ino_entry(sbi, ino, 0, type);
+}
+
+void f2fs_remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+{
+	/* remove dirty ino entry from list */
+	__remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, type);
+}
+
+/* mode should be APPEND_INO, UPDATE_INO or TRANS_DIR_INO */
+bool f2fs_exist_written_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int mode)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[mode];
+	struct ino_entry *e;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	return e ? true : false;
+}
+
+void f2fs_release_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool all)
+{
+	struct ino_entry *e, *tmp;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = all ? ORPHAN_INO : APPEND_INO; i < MAX_INO_ENTRY; i++) {
+		struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[i];
+
+		spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &im->ino_list, list) {
+			list_del(&e->list);
+			radix_tree_delete(&im->ino_root, e->ino);
+			kmem_cache_free(ino_entry_slab, e);
+			im->ino_num--;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	}
+}
+
+void f2fs_set_dirty_device(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
+					unsigned int devidx, int type)
+{
+	__add_ino_entry(sbi, ino, devidx, type);
+}
+
+bool f2fs_is_dirty_device(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
+					unsigned int devidx, int type)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[type];
+	struct ino_entry *e;
+	bool is_dirty = false;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	if (e && f2fs_test_bit(devidx, (char *)&e->dirty_device))
+		is_dirty = true;
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	return is_dirty;
+}
+
+int f2fs_acquire_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO];
+	int err = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_ORPHAN)) {
+		spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+		f2fs_show_injection_info(sbi, FAULT_ORPHAN);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(im->ino_num >= sbi->max_orphans))
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+	else
+		im->ino_num++;
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void f2fs_release_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO];
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, im->ino_num == 0);
+	im->ino_num--;
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+}
+
+void f2fs_add_orphan_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	/* add new orphan ino entry into list */
+	__add_ino_entry(F2FS_I_SB(inode), inode->i_ino, 0, ORPHAN_INO);
+	f2fs_update_inode_page(inode);
+}
+
+void f2fs_remove_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino)
+{
+	/* remove orphan entry from orphan list */
+	__remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, ORPHAN_INO);
+}
+
+static int recover_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct node_info ni;
+	int err;
+
+	inode = f2fs_iget_retry(sbi->sb, ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		/*
+		 * there should be a bug that we can't find the entry
+		 * to orphan inode.
+		 */
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, PTR_ERR(inode) == -ENOENT);
+		return PTR_ERR(inode);
+	}
+
+	err = f2fs_dquot_initialize(inode);
+	if (err) {
+		iput(inode);
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+	clear_nlink(inode);
+
+	/* truncate all the data during iput */
+	iput(inode);
+
+	err = f2fs_get_node_info(sbi, ino, &ni, false);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_out;
+
+	/* ENOMEM was fully retried in f2fs_evict_inode. */
+	if (ni.blk_addr != NULL_ADDR) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+err_out:
+	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+	f2fs_warn(sbi, "%s: orphan failed (ino=%x), run fsck to fix.",
+		  __func__, ino);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int f2fs_recover_orphan_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	block_t start_blk, orphan_blocks, i, j;
+	unsigned int s_flags = sbi->sb->s_flags;
+	int err = 0;
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	int quota_enabled;
+#endif
+
+	if (!is_set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (bdev_read_only(sbi->sb->s_bdev)) {
+		f2fs_info(sbi, "write access unavailable, skipping orphan cleanup");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (s_flags & SB_RDONLY) {
+		f2fs_info(sbi, "orphan cleanup on readonly fs");
+		sbi->sb->s_flags &= ~SB_RDONLY;
+	}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	/*
+	 * Turn on quotas which were not enabled for read-only mounts if
+	 * filesystem has quota feature, so that they are updated correctly.
+	 */
+	quota_enabled = f2fs_enable_quota_files(sbi, s_flags & SB_RDONLY);
+#endif
+
+	start_blk = __start_cp_addr(sbi) + 1 + __cp_payload(sbi);
+	orphan_blocks = __start_sum_addr(sbi) - 1 - __cp_payload(sbi);
+
+	f2fs_ra_meta_pages(sbi, start_blk, orphan_blocks, META_CP, true);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < orphan_blocks; i++) {
+		struct page *page;
+		struct f2fs_orphan_block *orphan_blk;
+
+		page = f2fs_get_meta_page(sbi, start_blk + i);
+		if (IS_ERR(page)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(page);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		orphan_blk = (struct f2fs_orphan_block *)page_address(page);
+		for (j = 0; j < le32_to_cpu(orphan_blk->entry_count); j++) {
+			nid_t ino = le32_to_cpu(orphan_blk->ino[j]);
+
+			err = recover_orphan_inode(sbi, ino);
+			if (err) {
+				f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+	}
+	/* clear Orphan Flag */
+	clear_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG);
+out:
+	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_RECOVERED);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	/* Turn quotas off */
+	if (quota_enabled)
+		f2fs_quota_off_umount(sbi->sb);
+#endif
+	sbi->sb->s_flags = s_flags; /* Restore SB_RDONLY status */
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void write_orphan_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk)
+{
+	struct list_head *head;
+	struct f2fs_orphan_block *orphan_blk = NULL;
+	unsigned int nentries = 0;
+	unsigned short index = 1;
+	unsigned short orphan_blocks;
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+	struct ino_entry *orphan = NULL;
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO];
+
+	orphan_blocks = GET_ORPHAN_BLOCKS(im->ino_num);
+
+	/*
+	 * we don't need to do spin_lock(&im->ino_lock) here, since all the
+	 * orphan inode operations are covered under f2fs_lock_op().
+	 * And, spin_lock should be avoided due to page operations below.
+	 */
+	head = &im->ino_list;
+
+	/* loop for each orphan inode entry and write them in Jornal block */
+	list_for_each_entry(orphan, head, list) {
+		if (!page) {
+			page = f2fs_grab_meta_page(sbi, start_blk++);
+			orphan_blk =
+				(struct f2fs_orphan_block *)page_address(page);
+			memset(orphan_blk, 0, sizeof(*orphan_blk));
+		}
+
+		orphan_blk->ino[nentries++] = cpu_to_le32(orphan->ino);
+
+		if (nentries == F2FS_ORPHANS_PER_BLOCK) {
+			/*
+			 * an orphan block is full of 1020 entries,
+			 * then we need to flush current orphan blocks
+			 * and bring another one in memory
+			 */
+			orphan_blk->blk_addr = cpu_to_le16(index);
+			orphan_blk->blk_count = cpu_to_le16(orphan_blocks);
+			orphan_blk->entry_count = cpu_to_le32(nentries);
+			set_page_dirty(page);
+			f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+			index++;
+			nentries = 0;
+			page = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (page) {
+		orphan_blk->blk_addr = cpu_to_le16(index);
+		orphan_blk->blk_count = cpu_to_le16(orphan_blocks);
+		orphan_blk->entry_count = cpu_to_le32(nentries);
+		set_page_dirty(page);
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+static __u32 f2fs_checkpoint_chksum(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+						struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt)
+{
+	unsigned int chksum_ofs = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->checksum_offset);
+	__u32 chksum;
+
+	chksum = f2fs_crc32(sbi, ckpt, chksum_ofs);
+	if (chksum_ofs < CP_CHKSUM_OFFSET) {
+		chksum_ofs += sizeof(chksum);
+		chksum = f2fs_chksum(sbi, chksum, (__u8 *)ckpt + chksum_ofs,
+						F2FS_BLKSIZE - chksum_ofs);
+	}
+	return chksum;
+}
+
+static int get_checkpoint_version(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t cp_addr,
+		struct f2fs_checkpoint **cp_block, struct page **cp_page,
+		unsigned long long *version)
+{
+	size_t crc_offset = 0;
+	__u32 crc;
+
+	*cp_page = f2fs_get_meta_page(sbi, cp_addr);
+	if (IS_ERR(*cp_page))
+		return PTR_ERR(*cp_page);
+
+	*cp_block = (struct f2fs_checkpoint *)page_address(*cp_page);
+
+	crc_offset = le32_to_cpu((*cp_block)->checksum_offset);
+	if (crc_offset < CP_MIN_CHKSUM_OFFSET ||
+			crc_offset > CP_CHKSUM_OFFSET) {
+		f2fs_put_page(*cp_page, 1);
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "invalid crc_offset: %zu", crc_offset);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	crc = f2fs_checkpoint_chksum(sbi, *cp_block);
+	if (crc != cur_cp_crc(*cp_block)) {
+		f2fs_put_page(*cp_page, 1);
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "invalid crc value");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	*version = cur_cp_version(*cp_block);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct page *validate_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				block_t cp_addr, unsigned long long *version)
+{
+	struct page *cp_page_1 = NULL, *cp_page_2 = NULL;
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp_block = NULL;
+	unsigned long long cur_version = 0, pre_version = 0;
+	unsigned int cp_blocks;
+	int err;
+
+	err = get_checkpoint_version(sbi, cp_addr, &cp_block,
+					&cp_page_1, version);
+	if (err)
+		return NULL;
+
+	cp_blocks = le32_to_cpu(cp_block->cp_pack_total_block_count);
+
+	if (cp_blocks > sbi->blocks_per_seg || cp_blocks <= F2FS_CP_PACKS) {
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "invalid cp_pack_total_block_count:%u",
+			  le32_to_cpu(cp_block->cp_pack_total_block_count));
+		goto invalid_cp;
+	}
+	pre_version = *version;
+
+	cp_addr += cp_blocks - 1;
+	err = get_checkpoint_version(sbi, cp_addr, &cp_block,
+					&cp_page_2, version);
+	if (err)
+		goto invalid_cp;
+	cur_version = *version;
+
+	if (cur_version == pre_version) {
+		*version = cur_version;
+		f2fs_put_page(cp_page_2, 1);
+		return cp_page_1;
+	}
+	f2fs_put_page(cp_page_2, 1);
+invalid_cp:
+	f2fs_put_page(cp_page_1, 1);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int f2fs_get_valid_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp_block;
+	struct f2fs_super_block *fsb = sbi->raw_super;
+	struct page *cp1, *cp2, *cur_page;
+	unsigned long blk_size = sbi->blocksize;
+	unsigned long long cp1_version = 0, cp2_version = 0;
+	unsigned long long cp_start_blk_no;
+	unsigned int cp_blks = 1 + __cp_payload(sbi);
+	block_t cp_blk_no;
+	int i;
+	int err;
+
+	sbi->ckpt = f2fs_kvzalloc(sbi, array_size(blk_size, cp_blks),
+				  GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sbi->ckpt)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	/*
+	 * Finding out valid cp block involves read both
+	 * sets( cp pack 1 and cp pack 2)
+	 */
+	cp_start_blk_no = le32_to_cpu(fsb->cp_blkaddr);
+	cp1 = validate_checkpoint(sbi, cp_start_blk_no, &cp1_version);
+
+	/* The second checkpoint pack should start at the next segment */
+	cp_start_blk_no += ((unsigned long long)1) <<
+				le32_to_cpu(fsb->log_blocks_per_seg);
+	cp2 = validate_checkpoint(sbi, cp_start_blk_no, &cp2_version);
+
+	if (cp1 && cp2) {
+		if (ver_after(cp2_version, cp1_version))
+			cur_page = cp2;
+		else
+			cur_page = cp1;
+	} else if (cp1) {
+		cur_page = cp1;
+	} else if (cp2) {
+		cur_page = cp2;
+	} else {
+		err = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto fail_no_cp;
+	}
+
+	cp_block = (struct f2fs_checkpoint *)page_address(cur_page);
+	memcpy(sbi->ckpt, cp_block, blk_size);
+
+	if (cur_page == cp1)
+		sbi->cur_cp_pack = 1;
+	else
+		sbi->cur_cp_pack = 2;
+
+	/* Sanity checking of checkpoint */
+	if (f2fs_sanity_check_ckpt(sbi)) {
+		err = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto free_fail_no_cp;
+	}
+
+	if (cp_blks <= 1)
+		goto done;
+
+	cp_blk_no = le32_to_cpu(fsb->cp_blkaddr);
+	if (cur_page == cp2)
+		cp_blk_no += 1 << le32_to_cpu(fsb->log_blocks_per_seg);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < cp_blks; i++) {
+		void *sit_bitmap_ptr;
+		unsigned char *ckpt = (unsigned char *)sbi->ckpt;
+
+		cur_page = f2fs_get_meta_page(sbi, cp_blk_no + i);
+		if (IS_ERR(cur_page)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(cur_page);
+			goto free_fail_no_cp;
+		}
+		sit_bitmap_ptr = page_address(cur_page);
+		memcpy(ckpt + i * blk_size, sit_bitmap_ptr, blk_size);
+		f2fs_put_page(cur_page, 1);
+	}
+done:
+	f2fs_put_page(cp1, 1);
+	f2fs_put_page(cp2, 1);
+	return 0;
+
+free_fail_no_cp:
+	f2fs_put_page(cp1, 1);
+	f2fs_put_page(cp2, 1);
+fail_no_cp:
+	kvfree(sbi->ckpt);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void __add_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, enum inode_type type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	int flag = (type == DIR_INODE) ? FI_DIRTY_DIR : FI_DIRTY_FILE;
+
+	if (is_inode_flag_set(inode, flag))
+		return;
+
+	set_inode_flag(inode, flag);
+	list_add_tail(&F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_list, &sbi->inode_list[type]);
+	stat_inc_dirty_inode(sbi, type);
+}
+
+static void __remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, enum inode_type type)
+{
+	int flag = (type == DIR_INODE) ? FI_DIRTY_DIR : FI_DIRTY_FILE;
+
+	if (get_dirty_pages(inode) || !is_inode_flag_set(inode, flag))
+		return;
+
+	list_del_init(&F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_list);
+	clear_inode_flag(inode, flag);
+	stat_dec_dirty_inode(F2FS_I_SB(inode), type);
+}
+
+void f2fs_update_dirty_folio(struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	enum inode_type type = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ? DIR_INODE : FILE_INODE;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
+			!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	if (type != FILE_INODE || test_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH))
+		__add_dirty_inode(inode, type);
+	inode_inc_dirty_pages(inode);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+
+	set_page_private_reference(&folio->page);
+}
+
+void f2fs_remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	enum inode_type type = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ? DIR_INODE : FILE_INODE;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
+			!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return;
+
+	if (type == FILE_INODE && !test_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH))
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	__remove_dirty_inode(inode, type);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+}
+
+int f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum inode_type type,
+						bool from_cp)
+{
+	struct list_head *head;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi;
+	bool is_dir = (type == DIR_INODE);
+	unsigned long ino = 0;
+
+	trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_enter(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+retry:
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_exit(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+
+	head = &sbi->inode_list[type];
+	if (list_empty(head)) {
+		spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+		trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_exit(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	fi = list_first_entry(head, struct f2fs_inode_info, dirty_list);
+	inode = igrab(&fi->vfs_inode);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	if (inode) {
+		unsigned long cur_ino = inode->i_ino;
+
+		if (from_cp)
+			F2FS_I(inode)->cp_task = current;
+		F2FS_I(inode)->wb_task = current;
+
+		filemap_fdatawrite(inode->i_mapping);
+
+		F2FS_I(inode)->wb_task = NULL;
+		if (from_cp)
+			F2FS_I(inode)->cp_task = NULL;
+
+		iput(inode);
+		/* We need to give cpu to another writers. */
+		if (ino == cur_ino)
+			cond_resched();
+		else
+			ino = cur_ino;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We should submit bio, since it exists several
+		 * wribacking dentry pages in the freeing inode.
+		 */
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, DATA);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+	goto retry;
+}
+
+int f2fs_sync_inode_meta(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct list_head *head = &sbi->inode_list[DIRTY_META];
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi;
+	s64 total = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA);
+
+	while (total--) {
+		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+			return -EIO;
+
+		spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIRTY_META]);
+		if (list_empty(head)) {
+			spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIRTY_META]);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		fi = list_first_entry(head, struct f2fs_inode_info,
+							gdirty_list);
+		inode = igrab(&fi->vfs_inode);
+		spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIRTY_META]);
+		if (inode) {
+			sync_inode_metadata(inode, 0);
+
+			/* it's on eviction */
+			if (is_inode_flag_set(inode, FI_DIRTY_INODE))
+				f2fs_update_inode_page(inode);
+			iput(inode);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __prepare_cp_block(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_nm_info *nm_i = NM_I(sbi);
+	nid_t last_nid = nm_i->next_scan_nid;
+
+	next_free_nid(sbi, &last_nid);
+	ckpt->valid_block_count = cpu_to_le64(valid_user_blocks(sbi));
+	ckpt->valid_node_count = cpu_to_le32(valid_node_count(sbi));
+	ckpt->valid_inode_count = cpu_to_le32(valid_inode_count(sbi));
+	ckpt->next_free_nid = cpu_to_le32(last_nid);
+}
+
+static bool __need_flush_quota(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	if (!is_journalled_quota(sbi))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->quota_sem))
+		return true;
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH)) {
+		ret = false;
+	} else if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR)) {
+		ret = false;
+	} else if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH)) {
+		clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH);
+		ret = true;
+	} else if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_QDATA)) {
+		ret = true;
+	}
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->quota_sem);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Freeze all the FS-operations for checkpoint.
+ */
+static int block_operations(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {
+		.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
+		.nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
+		.for_reclaim = 0,
+	};
+	int err = 0, cnt = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let's flush inline_data in dirty node pages.
+	 */
+	f2fs_flush_inline_data(sbi);
+
+retry_flush_quotas:
+	f2fs_lock_all(sbi);
+	if (__need_flush_quota(sbi)) {
+		int locked;
+
+		if (++cnt > DEFAULT_RETRY_QUOTA_FLUSH_COUNT) {
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH);
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH);
+			goto retry_flush_dents;
+		}
+		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+
+		/* only failed during mount/umount/freeze/quotactl */
+		locked = down_read_trylock(&sbi->sb->s_umount);
+		f2fs_quota_sync(sbi->sb, -1);
+		if (locked)
+			up_read(&sbi->sb->s_umount);
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_quotas;
+	}
+
+retry_flush_dents:
+	/* write all the dirty dentry pages */
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS)) {
+		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+		err = f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes(sbi, DIR_INODE, true);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_quotas;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * POR: we should ensure that there are no dirty node pages
+	 * until finishing nat/sit flush. inode->i_blocks can be updated.
+	 */
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->node_change);
+
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA)) {
+		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_change);
+		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+		err = f2fs_sync_inode_meta(sbi);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_quotas;
+	}
+
+retry_flush_nodes:
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->node_write);
+
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES)) {
+		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_write);
+		atomic_inc(&sbi->wb_sync_req[NODE]);
+		err = f2fs_sync_node_pages(sbi, &wbc, false, FS_CP_NODE_IO);
+		atomic_dec(&sbi->wb_sync_req[NODE]);
+		if (err) {
+			f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_change);
+			f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+			return err;
+		}
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_nodes;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * sbi->node_change is used only for AIO write_begin path which produces
+	 * dirty node blocks and some checkpoint values by block allocation.
+	 */
+	__prepare_cp_block(sbi);
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_change);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void unblock_operations(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_write);
+	f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+}
+
+void f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
+{
+	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!get_pages(sbi, type))
+			break;
+
+		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+			break;
+
+		if (type == F2FS_DIRTY_META)
+			f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX,
+							FS_CP_META_IO);
+		else if (type == F2FS_WB_CP_DATA)
+			f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, DATA);
+
+		prepare_to_wait(&sbi->cp_wait, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+		io_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_IO_TIMEOUT);
+	}
+	finish_wait(&sbi->cp_wait, &wait);
+}
+
+static void update_ckpt_flags(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	unsigned long orphan_num = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num;
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_UMOUNT) {
+		if (le32_to_cpu(ckpt->cp_pack_total_block_count) +
+			NM_I(sbi)->nat_bits_blocks > sbi->blocks_per_seg) {
+			clear_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_NAT_BITS_FLAG);
+			f2fs_notice(sbi, "Disable nat_bits due to no space");
+		} else if (!is_set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_NAT_BITS_FLAG) &&
+						f2fs_nat_bitmap_enabled(sbi)) {
+			f2fs_enable_nat_bits(sbi);
+			set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_NAT_BITS_FLAG);
+			f2fs_notice(sbi, "Rebuild and enable nat_bits");
+		}
+	}
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_TRIMMED)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_TRIMMED_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_TRIMMED_FLAG);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_UMOUNT)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_UMOUNT_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_UMOUNT_FLAG);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_FASTBOOT)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_FASTBOOT_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_FASTBOOT_FLAG);
+
+	if (orphan_num)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_FSCK_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_RESIZEFS))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_RESIZEFS_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_RESIZEFS_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED_QUICK))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_QUICK_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_QUICK_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG);
+
+	/* set this flag to activate crc|cp_ver for recovery */
+	__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_CRC_RECOVERY_FLAG);
+	__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_NOCRC_RECOVERY_FLAG);
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void commit_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+	void *src, block_t blk_addr)
+{
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {
+		.for_reclaim = 0,
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * pagevec_lookup_tag and lock_page again will take
+	 * some extra time. Therefore, f2fs_update_meta_pages and
+	 * f2fs_sync_meta_pages are combined in this function.
+	 */
+	struct page *page = f2fs_grab_meta_page(sbi, blk_addr);
+	int err;
+
+	f2fs_wait_on_page_writeback(page, META, true, true);
+
+	memcpy(page_address(page), src, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	set_page_dirty(page);
+	if (unlikely(!clear_page_dirty_for_io(page)))
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, 1);
+
+	/* writeout cp pack 2 page */
+	err = __f2fs_write_meta_page(page, &wbc, FS_CP_META_IO);
+	if (unlikely(err && f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		f2fs_put_page(page, 1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, err);
+	f2fs_put_page(page, 0);
+
+	/* submit checkpoint (with barrier if NOBARRIER is not set) */
+	f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, META_FLUSH);
+}
+
+static inline u64 get_sectors_written(struct block_device *bdev)
+{
+	return (u64)part_stat_read(bdev, sectors[STAT_WRITE]);
+}
+
+u64 f2fs_get_sectors_written(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	if (f2fs_is_multi_device(sbi)) {
+		u64 sectors = 0;
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_ndevs; i++)
+			sectors += get_sectors_written(FDEV(i).bdev);
+
+		return sectors;
+	}
+
+	return get_sectors_written(sbi->sb->s_bdev);
+}
+
+static int do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_nm_info *nm_i = NM_I(sbi);
+	unsigned long orphan_num = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num, flags;
+	block_t start_blk;
+	unsigned int data_sum_blocks, orphan_blocks;
+	__u32 crc32 = 0;
+	int i;
+	int cp_payload_blks = __cp_payload(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
+	u64 kbytes_written;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Flush all the NAT/SIT pages */
+	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+
+	/* start to update checkpoint, cp ver is already updated previously */
+	ckpt->elapsed_time = cpu_to_le64(get_mtime(sbi, true));
+	ckpt->free_segment_count = cpu_to_le32(free_segments(sbi));
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE; i++) {
+		ckpt->cur_node_segno[i] =
+			cpu_to_le32(curseg_segno(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_NODE));
+		ckpt->cur_node_blkoff[i] =
+			cpu_to_le16(curseg_blkoff(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_NODE));
+		ckpt->alloc_type[i + CURSEG_HOT_NODE] =
+				curseg_alloc_type(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_DATA_TYPE; i++) {
+		ckpt->cur_data_segno[i] =
+			cpu_to_le32(curseg_segno(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_DATA));
+		ckpt->cur_data_blkoff[i] =
+			cpu_to_le16(curseg_blkoff(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_DATA));
+		ckpt->alloc_type[i + CURSEG_HOT_DATA] =
+				curseg_alloc_type(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
+	}
+
+	/* 2 cp + n data seg summary + orphan inode blocks */
+	data_sum_blocks = f2fs_npages_for_summary_flush(sbi, false);
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+	if (data_sum_blocks < NR_CURSEG_DATA_TYPE)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+
+	orphan_blocks = GET_ORPHAN_BLOCKS(orphan_num);
+	ckpt->cp_pack_start_sum = cpu_to_le32(1 + cp_payload_blks +
+			orphan_blocks);
+
+	if (__remain_node_summaries(cpc->reason))
+		ckpt->cp_pack_total_block_count = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_CP_PACKS +
+				cp_payload_blks + data_sum_blocks +
+				orphan_blocks + NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE);
+	else
+		ckpt->cp_pack_total_block_count = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_CP_PACKS +
+				cp_payload_blks + data_sum_blocks +
+				orphan_blocks);
+
+	/* update ckpt flag for checkpoint */
+	update_ckpt_flags(sbi, cpc);
+
+	/* update SIT/NAT bitmap */
+	get_sit_bitmap(sbi, __bitmap_ptr(sbi, SIT_BITMAP));
+	get_nat_bitmap(sbi, __bitmap_ptr(sbi, NAT_BITMAP));
+
+	crc32 = f2fs_checkpoint_chksum(sbi, ckpt);
+	*((__le32 *)((unsigned char *)ckpt +
+				le32_to_cpu(ckpt->checksum_offset)))
+				= cpu_to_le32(crc32);
+
+	start_blk = __start_cp_next_addr(sbi);
+
+	/* write nat bits */
+	if ((cpc->reason & CP_UMOUNT) &&
+			is_set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_NAT_BITS_FLAG)) {
+		__u64 cp_ver = cur_cp_version(ckpt);
+		block_t blk;
+
+		cp_ver |= ((__u64)crc32 << 32);
+		*(__le64 *)nm_i->nat_bits = cpu_to_le64(cp_ver);
+
+		blk = start_blk + sbi->blocks_per_seg - nm_i->nat_bits_blocks;
+		for (i = 0; i < nm_i->nat_bits_blocks; i++)
+			f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, nm_i->nat_bits +
+					(i << F2FS_BLKSIZE_BITS), blk + i);
+	}
+
+	/* write out checkpoint buffer at block 0 */
+	f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, ckpt, start_blk++);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < 1 + cp_payload_blks; i++)
+		f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, (char *)ckpt + i * F2FS_BLKSIZE,
+							start_blk++);
+
+	if (orphan_num) {
+		write_orphan_inodes(sbi, start_blk);
+		start_blk += orphan_blocks;
+	}
+
+	f2fs_write_data_summaries(sbi, start_blk);
+	start_blk += data_sum_blocks;
+
+	/* Record write statistics in the hot node summary */
+	kbytes_written = sbi->kbytes_written;
+	kbytes_written += (f2fs_get_sectors_written(sbi) -
+				sbi->sectors_written_start) >> 1;
+	seg_i->journal->info.kbytes_written = cpu_to_le64(kbytes_written);
+
+	if (__remain_node_summaries(cpc->reason)) {
+		f2fs_write_node_summaries(sbi, start_blk);
+		start_blk += NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE;
+	}
+
+	/* update user_block_counts */
+	sbi->last_valid_block_count = sbi->total_valid_block_count;
+	percpu_counter_set(&sbi->alloc_valid_block_count, 0);
+	percpu_counter_set(&sbi->rf_node_block_count, 0);
+
+	/* Here, we have one bio having CP pack except cp pack 2 page */
+	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, META, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+	/* Wait for all dirty meta pages to be submitted for IO */
+	f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+
+	/* wait for previous submitted meta pages writeback */
+	f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(sbi, F2FS_WB_CP_DATA);
+
+	/* flush all device cache */
+	err = f2fs_flush_device_cache(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* barrier and flush checkpoint cp pack 2 page if it can */
+	commit_checkpoint(sbi, ckpt, start_blk);
+	f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(sbi, F2FS_WB_CP_DATA);
+
+	/*
+	 * invalidate intermediate page cache borrowed from meta inode which are
+	 * used for migration of encrypted, verity or compressed inode's blocks.
+	 */
+	if (f2fs_sb_has_encrypt(sbi) || f2fs_sb_has_verity(sbi) ||
+		f2fs_sb_has_compression(sbi))
+		invalidate_mapping_pages(META_MAPPING(sbi),
+				MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi), MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) - 1);
+
+	f2fs_release_ino_entry(sbi, false);
+
+	f2fs_reset_fsync_node_info(sbi);
+
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY);
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_CP);
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH);
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->stat_lock);
+	sbi->unusable_block_count = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->stat_lock);
+
+	__set_cp_next_pack(sbi);
+
+	/*
+	 * redirty superblock if metadata like node page or inode cache is
+	 * updated during writing checkpoint.
+	 */
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES) ||
+			get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA))
+		set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY);
+
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS));
+
+	return unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)) ? -EIO : 0;
+}
+
+int f2fs_write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	unsigned long long ckpt_ver;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb) || f2fs_hw_is_readonly(sbi))
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED))) {
+		if (cpc->reason != CP_PAUSE)
+			return 0;
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "Start checkpoint disabled!");
+	}
+	if (cpc->reason != CP_RESIZE)
+		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+
+	if (!is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY) &&
+		((cpc->reason & CP_FASTBOOT) || (cpc->reason & CP_SYNC) ||
+		((cpc->reason & CP_DISCARD) && !sbi->discard_blks)))
+		goto out;
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "start block_ops");
+
+	err = block_operations(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "finish block_ops");
+
+	f2fs_flush_merged_writes(sbi);
+
+	/* this is the case of multiple fstrims without any changes */
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_DISCARD) {
+		if (!f2fs_exist_trim_candidates(sbi, cpc)) {
+			unblock_operations(sbi);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (NM_I(sbi)->nat_cnt[DIRTY_NAT] == 0 &&
+				SIT_I(sbi)->dirty_sentries == 0 &&
+				prefree_segments(sbi) == 0) {
+			f2fs_flush_sit_entries(sbi, cpc);
+			f2fs_clear_prefree_segments(sbi, cpc);
+			unblock_operations(sbi);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * update checkpoint pack index
+	 * Increase the version number so that
+	 * SIT entries and seg summaries are written at correct place
+	 */
+	ckpt_ver = cur_cp_version(ckpt);
+	ckpt->checkpoint_ver = cpu_to_le64(++ckpt_ver);
+
+	/* write cached NAT/SIT entries to NAT/SIT area */
+	err = f2fs_flush_nat_entries(sbi, cpc);
+	if (err) {
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "f2fs_flush_nat_entries failed err:%d, stop checkpoint", err);
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !f2fs_cp_error(sbi));
+		goto stop;
+	}
+
+	f2fs_flush_sit_entries(sbi, cpc);
+
+	/* save inmem log status */
+	f2fs_save_inmem_curseg(sbi);
+
+	err = do_checkpoint(sbi, cpc);
+	if (err) {
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "do_checkpoint failed err:%d, stop checkpoint", err);
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !f2fs_cp_error(sbi));
+		f2fs_release_discard_addrs(sbi);
+	} else {
+		f2fs_clear_prefree_segments(sbi, cpc);
+	}
+
+	f2fs_restore_inmem_curseg(sbi);
+stop:
+	unblock_operations(sbi);
+	stat_inc_cp_count(sbi->stat_info);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_RECOVERY)
+		f2fs_notice(sbi, "checkpoint: version = %llx", ckpt_ver);
+
+	/* update CP_TIME to trigger checkpoint periodically */
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, CP_TIME);
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, "finish checkpoint");
+out:
+	if (cpc->reason != CP_RESIZE)
+		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_global_sem);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void f2fs_init_ino_entry_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_INO_ENTRY; i++) {
+		struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[i];
+
+		INIT_RADIX_TREE(&im->ino_root, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		spin_lock_init(&im->ino_lock);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&im->ino_list);
+		im->ino_num = 0;
+	}
+
+	sbi->max_orphans = (sbi->blocks_per_seg - F2FS_CP_PACKS -
+			NR_CURSEG_PERSIST_TYPE - __cp_payload(sbi)) *
+				F2FS_ORPHANS_PER_BLOCK;
+}
+
+int __init f2fs_create_checkpoint_caches(void)
+{
+	ino_entry_slab = f2fs_kmem_cache_create("f2fs_ino_entry",
+			sizeof(struct ino_entry));
+	if (!ino_entry_slab)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	f2fs_inode_entry_slab = f2fs_kmem_cache_create("f2fs_inode_entry",
+			sizeof(struct inode_entry));
+	if (!f2fs_inode_entry_slab) {
+		kmem_cache_destroy(ino_entry_slab);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void f2fs_destroy_checkpoint_caches(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ino_entry_slab);
+	kmem_cache_destroy(f2fs_inode_entry_slab);
+}
+
+static int __write_checkpoint_sync(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct cp_control cpc = { .reason = CP_SYNC, };
+	int err;
+
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+	err = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void __checkpoint_and_complete_reqs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	struct ckpt_req *req, *next;
+	struct llist_node *dispatch_list;
+	u64 sum_diff = 0, diff, count = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	dispatch_list = llist_del_all(&cprc->issue_list);
+	if (!dispatch_list)
+		return;
+	dispatch_list = llist_reverse_order(dispatch_list);
+
+	ret = __write_checkpoint_sync(sbi);
+	atomic_inc(&cprc->issued_ckpt);
+
+	llist_for_each_entry_safe(req, next, dispatch_list, llnode) {
+		diff = (u64)ktime_ms_delta(ktime_get(), req->queue_time);
+		req->ret = ret;
+		complete(&req->wait);
+
+		sum_diff += diff;
+		count++;
+	}
+	atomic_sub(count, &cprc->queued_ckpt);
+	atomic_add(count, &cprc->total_ckpt);
+
+	spin_lock(&cprc->stat_lock);
+	cprc->cur_time = (unsigned int)div64_u64(sum_diff, count);
+	if (cprc->peak_time < cprc->cur_time)
+		cprc->peak_time = cprc->cur_time;
+	spin_unlock(&cprc->stat_lock);
+}
+
+static int issue_checkpoint_thread(void *data)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = data;
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	wait_queue_head_t *q = &cprc->ckpt_wait_queue;
+repeat:
+	if (kthread_should_stop())
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!llist_empty(&cprc->issue_list))
+		__checkpoint_and_complete_reqs(sbi);
+
+	wait_event_interruptible(*q,
+		kthread_should_stop() || !llist_empty(&cprc->issue_list));
+	goto repeat;
+}
+
+static void flush_remained_ckpt_reqs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+		struct ckpt_req *wait_req)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	if (!llist_empty(&cprc->issue_list)) {
+		__checkpoint_and_complete_reqs(sbi);
+	} else {
+		/* already dispatched by issue_checkpoint_thread */
+		if (wait_req)
+			wait_for_completion(&wait_req->wait);
+	}
+}
+
+static void init_ckpt_req(struct ckpt_req *req)
+{
+	memset(req, 0, sizeof(struct ckpt_req));
+
+	init_completion(&req->wait);
+	req->queue_time = ktime_get();
+}
+
+int f2fs_issue_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	struct ckpt_req req;
+	struct cp_control cpc;
+
+	cpc.reason = __get_cp_reason(sbi);
+	if (!test_opt(sbi, MERGE_CHECKPOINT) || cpc.reason != CP_SYNC) {
+		int ret;
+
+		f2fs_down_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+		ret = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->gc_lock);
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (!cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		return __write_checkpoint_sync(sbi);
+
+	init_ckpt_req(&req);
+
+	llist_add(&req.llnode, &cprc->issue_list);
+	atomic_inc(&cprc->queued_ckpt);
+
+	/*
+	 * update issue_list before we wake up issue_checkpoint thread,
+	 * this smp_mb() pairs with another barrier in ___wait_event(),
+	 * see more details in comments of waitqueue_active().
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
+
+	if (waitqueue_active(&cprc->ckpt_wait_queue))
+		wake_up(&cprc->ckpt_wait_queue);
+
+	if (cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		wait_for_completion(&req.wait);
+	else
+		flush_remained_ckpt_reqs(sbi, &req);
+
+	return req.ret;
+}
+
+int f2fs_start_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	dev_t dev = sbi->sb->s_bdev->bd_dev;
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	if (cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		return 0;
+
+	cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt = kthread_run(issue_checkpoint_thread, sbi,
+			"f2fs_ckpt-%u:%u", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev));
+	if (IS_ERR(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)) {
+		int err = PTR_ERR(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt);
+
+		cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt = NULL;
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	set_task_ioprio(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt, cprc->ckpt_thread_ioprio);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void f2fs_stop_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	struct task_struct *ckpt_task;
+
+	if (!cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		return;
+
+	ckpt_task = cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt;
+	cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt = NULL;
+	kthread_stop(ckpt_task);
+
+	f2fs_flush_ckpt_thread(sbi);
+}
+
+void f2fs_flush_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	flush_remained_ckpt_reqs(sbi, NULL);
+
+	/* Let's wait for the previous dispatched checkpoint. */
+	while (atomic_read(&cprc->queued_ckpt))
+		io_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_IO_TIMEOUT);
+}
+
+void f2fs_init_ckpt_req_control(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	atomic_set(&cprc->issued_ckpt, 0);
+	atomic_set(&cprc->total_ckpt, 0);
+	atomic_set(&cprc->queued_ckpt, 0);
+	cprc->ckpt_thread_ioprio = DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_IOPRIO;
+	init_waitqueue_head(&cprc->ckpt_wait_queue);
+	init_llist_head(&cprc->issue_list);
+	spin_lock_init(&cprc->stat_lock);
+}