Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
 "Core:

   - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having
     to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use.

   - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs.

   - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to
     describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers.
     Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers.

   - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns.

   - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on
     boot.

   - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan.

   - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack.

   - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers.

  Protocols:

   - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB).

   - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range
     on socket by socket basis.

   - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used.

   - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path
     manager.

   - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage
     collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4).

   - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986).

   - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters.

   - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154.

   - Remove static WEP support.

   - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate
     reporting.

   - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP).

  BPF:

   - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure"
     precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using
     kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type.

   - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and
     timestamp metadata.

   - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to
     better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect
     metadata.

   - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks.

   - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and
     bpf_trace_vprintk helpers.

   - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of
     kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case.

   - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by
     livepatch and BPF.

   - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing
     programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in
     different time intervals.

   - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64.

   - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC.

   - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs.

   - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF
     memory accounting for container environments.

  Netfilter:

   - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for
     years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band
     /proc interface installed by this target.

   - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the
     existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the
     referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist.

  Driver API:

   - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right
     IRQ affinity on AMD platforms.

   - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly.

   - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress.

   - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA)
     Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of
     shared medium Ethernet.

   - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing
     preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames.

   - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET.

   - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and
     de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into
     multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and
     factor out common parts of netlink operation handling.

   - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers).

   - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning
     messages with notifications for debug.

   - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct.

   - Add support for per action HW stats in TC.

   - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from
     a specific point in the action chain).

   - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with
     modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless
     Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to
     using nl80211 interface instead.

   - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return
     error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling,
     including the definition of a new default value that will benefit
     CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance.

  New hardware / drivers:

   - Ethernet:
      - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver)
      - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs
      - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY
      - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA)
      - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP)
      - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux

   - WiFi:
      - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu)
      - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k)

   - CAN:
      - Renesas R-Car V4H

  Drivers:

   - Bluetooth:
      - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers.

   - Ethernet NICs:
      - Intel (1G, igc):
         - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model
      - Intel (100G, ice):
         - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY
         - multi-buffer XDP support
         - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices
      - nVidia/Mellanox:
         - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands
         - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control
         - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload
         - more efficient crypto key management method
         - multi-port eswitch support
      - Netronome/Corigine:
         - add DCB IEEE support
         - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800
      - Freescale/NXP (enetc):
         - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers
         - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle
         - support MAC Merge layer
      - Other NICs:
         - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100
         - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO)
         - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA
         - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout
         - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G
         - cpts: support pulse-per-second output
         - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver
         - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing
         - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support
         - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation
         - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP
         - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff
         - tsnep: XDP support

   - Ethernet high-speed switches:
      - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw):
         - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages)
      - Microchip (sparx5):
         - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make
           the implicit rules always active
         - add support for egress DSCP rewrite
         - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification)
         - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS
           etc.)
         - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control)
         - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q,
           8.6.5.1)

   - Ethernet embedded switches:
      - Marvell (mv88e6xxx):
         - add MAB (port auth) offload support
         - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390
      - NXP (ocelot):
         - support MAC Merge layer
         - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys
      - Microchip:
         - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK
         - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics
         - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x
         - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration
         - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet
      - other:
         - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations
         - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy

   - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi):
      - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting
      - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio
        on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the
        BIOS to the firmware.

   - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k):
      - IPQ5018 support
      - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support
      - channel 177 support

   - MediaTek WiFi (mt76):
      - per-PHY LED support
      - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support
      - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support
      - switch to using page pool allocator

   - RealTek WiFi (rtw89):
      - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance

   - Mobile:
      - rmnet: support TX aggregation"

* tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits)
  page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage
  net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation
  ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments
  xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c
  sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal
  selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit
  net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware
  net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance
  net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG
  net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function
  net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension
  net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier
  net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action
  net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie
  sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB
  sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings
  net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning
  net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP
  net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp().
  ...

1 files changed, 376 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/hv/vmbus_testing b/tools/hv/vmbus_testing
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e7212903d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/hv/vmbus_testing
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#
+# Program to allow users to fuzz test Hyper-V drivers
+# by interfacing with Hyper-V debugfs attributes.
+# Current test methods available:
+#       1. delay testing
+#
+# Current file/directory structure of hyper-V debugfs:
+#       /sys/kernel/debug/hyperv/UUID
+#       /sys/kernel/debug/hyperv/UUID/<test-state filename>
+#       /sys/kernel/debug/hyperv/UUID/<test-method sub-directory>
+#
+# author: Branden Bonaby <brandonbonaby94@gmail.com>
+
+import os
+import cmd
+import argparse
+import glob
+from argparse import RawDescriptionHelpFormatter
+from argparse import RawTextHelpFormatter
+from enum import Enum
+
+# Do not change unless, you change the debugfs attributes
+# in /drivers/hv/debugfs.c. All fuzz testing
+# attributes will start with "fuzz_test".
+
+# debugfs path for hyperv must exist before proceeding
+debugfs_hyperv_path = "/sys/kernel/debug/hyperv"
+if not os.path.isdir(debugfs_hyperv_path):
+        print("{} doesn't exist/check permissions".format(debugfs_hyperv_path))
+        exit(-1)
+
+class dev_state(Enum):
+        off = 0
+        on = 1
+
+# File names, that correspond to the files created in
+# /drivers/hv/debugfs.c
+class f_names(Enum):
+        state_f = "fuzz_test_state"
+        buff_f =  "fuzz_test_buffer_interrupt_delay"
+        mess_f =  "fuzz_test_message_delay"
+
+# Both single_actions and all_actions are used
+# for error checking and to allow for some subparser
+# names to be abbreviated. Do not abbreviate the
+# test method names, as it will become less intuitive
+# as to what the user can do. If you do decide to
+# abbreviate the test method name, make sure the main
+# function reflects this change.
+
+all_actions = [
+        "disable_all",
+        "D",
+        "enable_all",
+        "view_all",
+        "V"
+]
+
+single_actions = [
+        "disable_single",
+        "d",
+        "enable_single",
+        "view_single",
+        "v"
+]
+
+def main():
+
+        file_map = recursive_file_lookup(debugfs_hyperv_path, dict())
+        args = parse_args()
+        if (not args.action):
+                print ("Error, no options selected...exiting")
+                exit(-1)
+        arg_set = { k for (k,v) in vars(args).items() if v and k != "action" }
+        arg_set.add(args.action)
+        path = args.path if "path" in arg_set else None
+        if (path and path[-1] == "/"):
+                path = path[:-1]
+        validate_args_path(path, arg_set, file_map)
+        if (path and "enable_single" in arg_set):
+            state_path = locate_state(path, file_map)
+            set_test_state(state_path, dev_state.on.value, args.quiet)
+
+        # Use subparsers as the key for different actions
+        if ("delay" in arg_set):
+                validate_delay_values(args.delay_time)
+                if (args.enable_all):
+                        set_delay_all_devices(file_map, args.delay_time,
+                                              args.quiet)
+                else:
+                        set_delay_values(path, file_map, args.delay_time,
+                                         args.quiet)
+        elif ("disable_all" in arg_set or "D" in arg_set):
+                disable_all_testing(file_map)
+        elif ("disable_single" in arg_set or "d" in arg_set):
+                disable_testing_single_device(path, file_map)
+        elif ("view_all" in arg_set or "V" in arg_set):
+                get_all_devices_test_status(file_map)
+        elif ("view_single" in arg_set or  "v" in arg_set):
+                get_device_test_values(path, file_map)
+
+# Get the state location
+def locate_state(device, file_map):
+        return file_map[device][f_names.state_f.value]
+
+# Validate delay values to make sure they are acceptable to
+# enable delays on a device
+def validate_delay_values(delay):
+
+        if (delay[0]  == -1 and delay[1] == -1):
+                print("\nError, At least 1 value must be greater than 0")
+                exit(-1)
+        for i in delay:
+                if (i < -1 or i == 0 or i > 1000):
+                        print("\nError, Values must be  equal to -1 "
+                              "or be > 0 and <= 1000")
+                        exit(-1)
+
+# Validate argument path
+def validate_args_path(path, arg_set, file_map):
+
+        if (not path and any(element in arg_set for element in single_actions)):
+                print("Error, path (-p) REQUIRED for the specified option. "
+                      "Use (-h) to check usage.")
+                exit(-1)
+        elif (path and any(item in arg_set for item in all_actions)):
+                print("Error, path (-p) NOT REQUIRED for the specified option. "
+                      "Use (-h) to check usage." )
+                exit(-1)
+        elif (path not in file_map and any(item in arg_set
+                                           for item in single_actions)):
+                print("Error, path '{}' not a valid vmbus device".format(path))
+                exit(-1)
+
+# display Testing status of single device
+def get_device_test_values(path, file_map):
+
+        for name in file_map[path]:
+                file_location = file_map[path][name]
+                print( name + " = " + str(read_test_files(file_location)))
+
+# Create a map of the vmbus devices and their associated files
+# [key=device, value = [key = filename, value = file path]]
+def recursive_file_lookup(path, file_map):
+
+        for f_path in glob.iglob(path + '**/*'):
+                if (os.path.isfile(f_path)):
+                        if (f_path.rsplit("/",2)[0] == debugfs_hyperv_path):
+                                directory = f_path.rsplit("/",1)[0]
+                        else:
+                                directory = f_path.rsplit("/",2)[0]
+                        f_name = f_path.split("/")[-1]
+                        if (file_map.get(directory)):
+                                file_map[directory].update({f_name:f_path})
+                        else:
+                                file_map[directory] = {f_name:f_path}
+                elif (os.path.isdir(f_path)):
+                        recursive_file_lookup(f_path,file_map)
+        return file_map
+
+# display Testing state of devices
+def get_all_devices_test_status(file_map):
+
+        for device in file_map:
+                if (get_test_state(locate_state(device, file_map)) is 1):
+                        print("Testing = ON for: {}"
+                              .format(device.split("/")[5]))
+                else:
+                        print("Testing = OFF for: {}"
+                              .format(device.split("/")[5]))
+
+# read the vmbus device files, path must be absolute path before calling
+def read_test_files(path):
+        try:
+                with open(path,"r") as f:
+                        file_value = f.readline().strip()
+                return int(file_value)
+
+        except IOError as e:
+                errno, strerror = e.args
+                print("I/O error({0}): {1} on file {2}"
+                      .format(errno, strerror, path))
+                exit(-1)
+        except ValueError:
+                print ("Element to int conversion error in: \n{}".format(path))
+                exit(-1)
+
+# writing to vmbus device files, path must be absolute path before calling
+def write_test_files(path, value):
+
+        try:
+                with open(path,"w") as f:
+                        f.write("{}".format(value))
+        except IOError as e:
+                errno, strerror = e.args
+                print("I/O error({0}): {1} on file {2}"
+                      .format(errno, strerror, path))
+                exit(-1)
+
+# set testing state of device
+def set_test_state(state_path, state_value, quiet):
+
+        write_test_files(state_path, state_value)
+        if (get_test_state(state_path) is 1):
+                if (not quiet):
+                        print("Testing = ON for device: {}"
+                              .format(state_path.split("/")[5]))
+        else:
+                if (not quiet):
+                        print("Testing = OFF for device: {}"
+                              .format(state_path.split("/")[5]))
+
+# get testing state of device
+def get_test_state(state_path):
+        #state == 1 - test = ON
+        #state == 0 - test = OFF
+        return  read_test_files(state_path)
+
+# write 1 - 1000 microseconds, into a single device using the
+# fuzz_test_buffer_interrupt_delay and fuzz_test_message_delay
+# debugfs attributes
+def set_delay_values(device, file_map, delay_length, quiet):
+
+        try:
+                interrupt = file_map[device][f_names.buff_f.value]
+                message = file_map[device][f_names.mess_f.value]
+
+                # delay[0]- buffer interrupt delay, delay[1]- message delay
+                if (delay_length[0] >= 0 and delay_length[0] <= 1000):
+                        write_test_files(interrupt, delay_length[0])
+                if (delay_length[1] >= 0 and delay_length[1] <= 1000):
+                        write_test_files(message, delay_length[1])
+                if (not quiet):
+                        print("Buffer delay testing = {} for: {}"
+                              .format(read_test_files(interrupt),
+                                      interrupt.split("/")[5]))
+                        print("Message delay testing = {} for: {}"
+                              .format(read_test_files(message),
+                                      message.split("/")[5]))
+        except IOError as e:
+                errno, strerror = e.args
+                print("I/O error({0}): {1} on files {2}{3}"
+                      .format(errno, strerror, interrupt, message))
+                exit(-1)
+
+# enabling delay testing on all devices
+def set_delay_all_devices(file_map, delay, quiet):
+
+        for device in (file_map):
+                set_test_state(locate_state(device, file_map),
+                               dev_state.on.value,
+                               quiet)
+                set_delay_values(device, file_map, delay, quiet)
+
+# disable all testing on a SINGLE device.
+def disable_testing_single_device(device, file_map):
+
+        for name in file_map[device]:
+                file_location = file_map[device][name]
+                write_test_files(file_location, dev_state.off.value)
+        print("ALL testing now OFF for {}".format(device.split("/")[-1]))
+
+# disable all testing on ALL devices
+def disable_all_testing(file_map):
+
+        for device in file_map:
+                disable_testing_single_device(device, file_map)
+
+def parse_args():
+        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog = "vmbus_testing",usage ="\n"
+                "%(prog)s [delay]   [-h] [-e|-E] -t [-p]\n"
+                "%(prog)s [view_all       | V]      [-h]\n"
+                "%(prog)s [disable_all    | D]      [-h]\n"
+                "%(prog)s [disable_single | d]      [-h|-p]\n"
+                "%(prog)s [view_single    | v]      [-h|-p]\n"
+                "%(prog)s --version\n",
+                description = "\nUse lsvmbus to get vmbus device type "
+                "information.\n" "\nThe debugfs root path is "
+                "/sys/kernel/debug/hyperv",
+                formatter_class = RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest = "action")
+        parser.add_argument("--version", action = "version",
+                version = '%(prog)s 0.1.0')
+        parser.add_argument("-q","--quiet", action = "store_true",
+                help = "silence none important test messages."
+                       " This will only work when enabling testing"
+                       " on a device.")
+        # Use the path parser to hold the --path attribute so it can
+        # be shared between subparsers. Also do the same for the state
+        # parser, as all testing methods will use --enable_all and
+        # enable_single.
+        path_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
+        path_parser.add_argument("-p","--path", metavar = "",
+                help = "Debugfs path to a vmbus device. The path "
+                "must be the absolute path to the device.")
+        state_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
+        state_group = state_parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required = True)
+        state_group.add_argument("-E", "--enable_all", action = "store_const",
+                                 const = "enable_all",
+                                 help = "Enable the specified test type "
+                                 "on ALL vmbus devices.")
+        state_group.add_argument("-e", "--enable_single",
+                                 action = "store_const",
+                                 const = "enable_single",
+                                 help = "Enable the specified test type on a "
+                                 "SINGLE vmbus device.")
+        parser_delay = subparsers.add_parser("delay",
+                        parents = [state_parser, path_parser],
+                        help = "Delay the ring buffer interrupt or the "
+                        "ring buffer message reads in microseconds.",
+                        prog = "vmbus_testing",
+                        usage = "%(prog)s [-h]\n"
+                        "%(prog)s -E -t [value] [value]\n"
+                        "%(prog)s -e -t [value] [value] -p",
+                        description = "Delay the ring buffer interrupt for "
+                        "vmbus devices, or delay the ring buffer message "
+                        "reads for vmbus devices (both in microseconds). This "
+                        "is only on the host to guest channel.")
+        parser_delay.add_argument("-t", "--delay_time", metavar = "", nargs = 2,
+                        type = check_range, default =[0,0], required = (True),
+                        help = "Set [buffer] & [message] delay time. "
+                        "Value constraints: -1 == value "
+                        "or 0 < value <= 1000.\n"
+                        "Use -1 to keep the previous value for that delay "
+                        "type, or a value > 0 <= 1000 to change the delay "
+                        "time.")
+        parser_dis_all = subparsers.add_parser("disable_all",
+                        aliases = ['D'], prog = "vmbus_testing",
+                        usage = "%(prog)s [disable_all | D] -h\n"
+                        "%(prog)s [disable_all | D]\n",
+                        help = "Disable ALL testing on ALL vmbus devices.",
+                        description = "Disable ALL testing on ALL vmbus "
+                        "devices.")
+        parser_dis_single = subparsers.add_parser("disable_single",
+                        aliases = ['d'],
+                        parents = [path_parser], prog = "vmbus_testing",
+                        usage = "%(prog)s [disable_single | d] -h\n"
+                        "%(prog)s [disable_single | d] -p\n",
+                        help = "Disable ALL testing on a SINGLE vmbus device.",
+                        description = "Disable ALL testing on a SINGLE vmbus "
+                        "device.")
+        parser_view_all = subparsers.add_parser("view_all", aliases = ['V'],
+                        help = "View the test state for ALL vmbus devices.",
+                        prog = "vmbus_testing",
+                        usage = "%(prog)s [view_all | V] -h\n"
+                        "%(prog)s [view_all | V]\n",
+                        description = "This shows the test state for ALL the "
+                        "vmbus devices.")
+        parser_view_single = subparsers.add_parser("view_single",
+                        aliases = ['v'],parents = [path_parser],
+                        help = "View the test values for a SINGLE vmbus "
+                        "device.",
+                        description = "This shows the test values for a SINGLE "
+                        "vmbus device.", prog = "vmbus_testing",
+                        usage = "%(prog)s [view_single | v] -h\n"
+                        "%(prog)s [view_single | v] -p")
+
+        return  parser.parse_args()
+
+# value checking for range checking input in parser
+def check_range(arg1):
+
+        try:
+                val = int(arg1)
+        except ValueError as err:
+                raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(err))
+        if val < -1 or val > 1000:
+                message = ("\n\nvalue must be -1 or  0 < value <= 1000. "
+                           "Value program received: {}\n").format(val)
+                raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(message)
+        return val
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+        main()