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authorLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
committerLibravatar Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2023-02-21 18:24:12 -0800
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treecc5c2d0a898769fd59549594fedb3ee6f84e59a0 /tools/memory-model/README
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Merge tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-nextgrafted
Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski: "Core: - Add dedicated kmem_cache for typical/small skb->head, avoid having to access struct page at kfree time, and improve memory use. - Introduce sysctl to set default RPS configuration for new netdevs. - Define Netlink protocol specification format which can be used to describe messages used by each family and auto-generate parsers. Add tools for generating kernel data structures and uAPI headers. - Expose all net/core sysctls inside netns. - Remove 4s sleep in netpoll if carrier is instantly detected on boot. - Add configurable limit of MDB entries per port, and port-vlan. - Continue populating drop reasons throughout the stack. - Retire a handful of legacy Qdiscs and classifiers. Protocols: - Support IPv4 big TCP (TSO frames larger than 64kB). - Add IP_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE socket option, to control local port range on socket by socket basis. - Track and report in procfs number of MPTCP sockets used. - Support mixing IPv4 and IPv6 flows in the in-kernel MPTCP path manager. - IPv6: don't check net.ipv6.route.max_size and rely on garbage collection to free memory (similarly to IPv4). - Support Penultimate Segment Pop (PSP) flavor in SRv6 (RFC8986). - ICMP: add per-rate limit counters. - Add support for user scanning requests in ieee802154. - Remove static WEP support. - Support minimal Wi-Fi 7 Extremely High Throughput (EHT) rate reporting. - WiFi 7 EHT channel puncturing support (client & AP). BPF: - Add a rbtree data structure following the "next-gen data structure" precedent set by recently added linked list, that is, by using kfunc + kptr instead of adding a new BPF map type. - Expose XDP hints via kfuncs with initial support for RX hash and timestamp metadata. - Add BPF_F_NO_TUNNEL_KEY extension to bpf_skb_set_tunnel_key to better support decap on GRE tunnel devices not operating in collect metadata. - Improve x86 JIT's codegen for PROBE_MEM runtime error checks. - Remove the need for trace_printk_lock for bpf_trace_printk and bpf_trace_vprintk helpers. - Extend libbpf's bpf_tracing.h support for tracing arguments of kprobes/uprobes and syscall as a special case. - Significantly reduce the search time for module symbols by livepatch and BPF. - Enable cpumasks to be used as kptrs, which is useful for tracing programs tracking which tasks end up running on which CPUs in different time intervals. - Add support for BPF trampoline on s390x and riscv64. - Add capability to export the XDP features supported by the NIC. - Add __bpf_kfunc tag for marking kernel functions as kfuncs. - Add cgroup.memory=nobpf kernel parameter option to disable BPF memory accounting for container environments. Netfilter: - Remove the CLUSTERIP target. It has been marked as obsolete for years, and we still have WARN splats wrt races of the out-of-band /proc interface installed by this target. - Add 'destroy' commands to nf_tables. They are identical to the existing 'delete' commands, but do not return an error if the referenced object (set, chain, rule...) did not exist. Driver API: - Improve cpumask_local_spread() locality to help NICs set the right IRQ affinity on AMD platforms. - Separate C22 and C45 MDIO bus transactions more clearly. - Introduce new DCB table to control DSCP rewrite on egress. - Support configuration of Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) (802.3cg-2019). Modern version of shared medium Ethernet. - Support for MAC Merge layer (IEEE 802.3-2018 clause 99). Allowing preemption of low priority frames by high priority frames. - Add support for controlling MACSec offload using netlink SET. - Rework devlink instance refcounts to allow registration and de-registration under the instance lock. Split the code into multiple files, drop some of the unnecessarily granular locks and factor out common parts of netlink operation handling. - Add TX frame aggregation parameters (for USB drivers). - Add a new attr TCA_EXT_WARN_MSG to report TC (offload) warning messages with notifications for debug. - Allow offloading of UDP NEW connections via act_ct. - Add support for per action HW stats in TC. - Support hardware miss to TC action (continue processing in SW from a specific point in the action chain). - Warn if old Wireless Extension user space interface is used with modern cfg80211/mac80211 drivers. Do not support Wireless Extensions for Wi-Fi 7 devices at all. Everyone should switch to using nl80211 interface instead. - Improve the CAN bit timing configuration. Use extack to return error messages directly to user space, update the SJW handling, including the definition of a new default value that will benefit CAN-FD controllers, by increasing their oscillator tolerance. New hardware / drivers: - Ethernet: - nVidia BlueField-3 support (control traffic driver) - Ethernet support for imx93 SoCs - Motorcomm yt8531 gigabit Ethernet PHY - onsemi NCN26000 10BASE-T1S PHY (with support for PLCA) - Microchip LAN8841 PHY (incl. cable diagnostics and PTP) - Amlogic gxl MDIO mux - WiFi: - RealTek RTL8188EU (rtl8xxxu) - Qualcomm Wi-Fi 7 devices (ath12k) - CAN: - Renesas R-Car V4H Drivers: - Bluetooth: - Set Per Platform Antenna Gain (PPAG) for Intel controllers. - Ethernet NICs: - Intel (1G, igc): - support TSN / Qbv / packet scheduling features of i226 model - Intel (100G, ice): - use GNSS subsystem instead of TTY - multi-buffer XDP support - extend support for GPIO pins to E823 devices - nVidia/Mellanox: - update the shared buffer configuration on PFC commands - implement PTP adjphase function for HW offset control - TC support for Geneve and GRE with VF tunnel offload - more efficient crypto key management method - multi-port eswitch support - Netronome/Corigine: - add DCB IEEE support - support IPsec offloading for NFP3800 - Freescale/NXP (enetc): - support XDP_REDIRECT for XDP non-linear buffers - improve reconfig, avoid link flap and waiting for idle - support MAC Merge layer - Other NICs: - sfc/ef100: add basic devlink support for ef100 - ionic: rx_push mode operation (writing descriptors via MMIO) - bnxt: use the auxiliary bus abstraction for RDMA - r8169: disable ASPM and reset bus in case of tx timeout - cpsw: support QSGMII mode for J721e CPSW9G - cpts: support pulse-per-second output - ngbe: add an mdio bus driver - usbnet: optimize usbnet_bh() by avoiding unnecessary queuing - r8152: handle devices with FW with NCM support - amd-xgbe: support 10Mbps, 2.5GbE speeds and rx-adaptation - virtio-net: support multi buffer XDP - virtio/vsock: replace virtio_vsock_pkt with sk_buff - tsnep: XDP support - Ethernet high-speed switches: - nVidia/Mellanox (mlxsw): - add support for latency TLV (in FW control messages) - Microchip (sparx5): - separate explicit and implicit traffic forwarding rules, make the implicit rules always active - add support for egress DSCP rewrite - IS0 VCAP support (Ingress Classification) - IS2 VCAP filters (protos, L3 addrs, L4 ports, flags, ToS etc.) - ES2 VCAP support (Egress Access Control) - support for Per-Stream Filtering and Policing (802.1Q, 8.6.5.1) - Ethernet embedded switches: - Marvell (mv88e6xxx): - add MAB (port auth) offload support - enable PTP receive for mv88e6390 - NXP (ocelot): - support MAC Merge layer - support for the the vsc7512 internal copper phys - Microchip: - lan9303: convert to PHYLINK - lan966x: support TC flower filter statistics - lan937x: PTP support for KSZ9563/KSZ8563 and LAN937x - lan937x: support Credit Based Shaper configuration - ksz9477: support Energy Efficient Ethernet - other: - qca8k: convert to regmap read/write API, use bulk operations - rswitch: Improve TX timestamp accuracy - Intel WiFi (iwlwifi): - EHT (Wi-Fi 7) rate reporting - STEP equalizer support: transfer some STEP (connection to radio on platforms with integrated wifi) related parameters from the BIOS to the firmware. - Qualcomm 802.11ax WiFi (ath11k): - IPQ5018 support - Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) responder role support - channel 177 support - MediaTek WiFi (mt76): - per-PHY LED support - mt7996: EHT (Wi-Fi 7) support - Wireless Ethernet Dispatch (WED) reset support - switch to using page pool allocator - RealTek WiFi (rtw89): - support new version of Bluetooth co-existance - Mobile: - rmnet: support TX aggregation" * tag 'net-next-6.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1872 commits) page_pool: add a comment explaining the fragment counter usage net: ethtool: fix __ethtool_dev_mm_supported() implementation ethtool: pse-pd: Fix double word in comments xsk: add linux/vmalloc.h to xsk.c sefltests: netdevsim: wait for devlink instance after netns removal selftest: fib_tests: Always cleanup before exit net/mlx5e: Align IPsec ASO result memory to be as required by hardware net/mlx5e: TC, Set CT miss to the specific ct action instance net/mlx5e: Rename CHAIN_TO_REG to MAPPED_OBJ_TO_REG net/mlx5: Refactor tc miss handling to a single function net/mlx5: Kconfig: Make tc offload depend on tc skb extension net/sched: flower: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: flower: Move filter handle initialization earlier net/sched: cls_api: Support hardware miss to tc action net/sched: Rename user cookie and act cookie sfc: fix builds without CONFIG_RTC_LIB sfc: clean up some inconsistent indentings net/mlx4_en: Introduce flexible array to silence overflow warning net: lan966x: Fix possible deadlock inside PTP net/ulp: Remove redundant ->clone() test in inet_clone_ulp(). ...
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+ =====================================
+ LINUX KERNEL MEMORY CONSISTENCY MODEL
+ =====================================
+
+============
+INTRODUCTION
+============
+
+This directory contains the memory consistency model (memory model, for
+short) of the Linux kernel, written in the "cat" language and executable
+by the externally provided "herd7" simulator, which exhaustively explores
+the state space of small litmus tests.
+
+In addition, the "klitmus7" tool (also externally provided) may be used
+to convert a litmus test to a Linux kernel module, which in turn allows
+that litmus test to be exercised within the Linux kernel.
+
+
+============
+REQUIREMENTS
+============
+
+Version 7.52 or higher of the "herd7" and "klitmus7" tools must be
+downloaded separately:
+
+ https://github.com/herd/herdtools7
+
+See "herdtools7/INSTALL.md" for installation instructions.
+
+Note that although these tools usually provide backwards compatibility,
+this is not absolutely guaranteed.
+
+For example, a future version of herd7 might not work with the model
+in this release. A compatible model will likely be made available in
+a later release of Linux kernel.
+
+If you absolutely need to run the model in this particular release,
+please try using the exact version called out above.
+
+klitmus7 is independent of the model provided here. It has its own
+dependency on a target kernel release where converted code is built
+and executed. Any change in kernel APIs essential to klitmus7 will
+necessitate an upgrade of klitmus7.
+
+If you find any compatibility issues in klitmus7, please inform the
+memory model maintainers.
+
+klitmus7 Compatibility Table
+----------------------------
+
+ ============ ==========
+ target Linux herdtools7
+ ------------ ----------
+ -- 4.14 7.48 --
+ 4.15 -- 4.19 7.49 --
+ 4.20 -- 5.5 7.54 --
+ 5.6 -- 5.16 7.56 --
+ 5.17 -- 7.56.1 --
+ ============ ==========
+
+
+==================
+BASIC USAGE: HERD7
+==================
+
+The memory model is used, in conjunction with "herd7", to exhaustively
+explore the state space of small litmus tests. Documentation describing
+the format, features, capabilities and limitations of these litmus
+tests is available in tools/memory-model/Documentation/litmus-tests.txt.
+
+Example litmus tests may be found in the Linux-kernel source tree:
+
+ tools/memory-model/litmus-tests/
+ Documentation/litmus-tests/
+
+Several thousand more example litmus tests are available here:
+
+ https://github.com/paulmckrcu/litmus
+ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/perfbook.git/tree/CodeSamples/formal/herd
+ https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/perfbook.git/tree/CodeSamples/formal/litmus
+
+Documentation describing litmus tests and now to use them may be found
+here:
+
+ tools/memory-model/Documentation/litmus-tests.txt
+
+The remainder of this section uses the SB+fencembonceonces.litmus test
+located in the tools/memory-model directory.
+
+To run SB+fencembonceonces.litmus against the memory model:
+
+ $ cd $LINUX_SOURCE_TREE/tools/memory-model
+ $ herd7 -conf linux-kernel.cfg litmus-tests/SB+fencembonceonces.litmus
+
+Here is the corresponding output:
+
+ Test SB+fencembonceonces Allowed
+ States 3
+ 0:r0=0; 1:r0=1;
+ 0:r0=1; 1:r0=0;
+ 0:r0=1; 1:r0=1;
+ No
+ Witnesses
+ Positive: 0 Negative: 3
+ Condition exists (0:r0=0 /\ 1:r0=0)
+ Observation SB+fencembonceonces Never 0 3
+ Time SB+fencembonceonces 0.01
+ Hash=d66d99523e2cac6b06e66f4c995ebb48
+
+The "Positive: 0 Negative: 3" and the "Never 0 3" each indicate that
+this litmus test's "exists" clause can not be satisfied.
+
+See "herd7 -help" or "herdtools7/doc/" for more information on running the
+tool itself, but please be aware that this documentation is intended for
+people who work on the memory model itself, that is, people making changes
+to the tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.* files. It is not intended for
+people focusing on writing, understanding, and running LKMM litmus tests.
+
+
+=====================
+BASIC USAGE: KLITMUS7
+=====================
+
+The "klitmus7" tool converts a litmus test into a Linux kernel module,
+which may then be loaded and run.
+
+For example, to run SB+fencembonceonces.litmus against hardware:
+
+ $ mkdir mymodules
+ $ klitmus7 -o mymodules litmus-tests/SB+fencembonceonces.litmus
+ $ cd mymodules ; make
+ $ sudo sh run.sh
+
+The corresponding output includes:
+
+ Test SB+fencembonceonces Allowed
+ Histogram (3 states)
+ 644580 :>0:r0=1; 1:r0=0;
+ 644328 :>0:r0=0; 1:r0=1;
+ 711092 :>0:r0=1; 1:r0=1;
+ No
+ Witnesses
+ Positive: 0, Negative: 2000000
+ Condition exists (0:r0=0 /\ 1:r0=0) is NOT validated
+ Hash=d66d99523e2cac6b06e66f4c995ebb48
+ Observation SB+fencembonceonces Never 0 2000000
+ Time SB+fencembonceonces 0.16
+
+The "Positive: 0 Negative: 2000000" and the "Never 0 2000000" indicate
+that during two million trials, the state specified in this litmus
+test's "exists" clause was not reached.
+
+And, as with "herd7", please see "klitmus7 -help" or "herdtools7/doc/"
+for more information. And again, please be aware that this documentation
+is intended for people who work on the memory model itself, that is,
+people making changes to the tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.* files.
+It is not intended for people focusing on writing, understanding, and
+running LKMM litmus tests.
+
+
+====================
+DESCRIPTION OF FILES
+====================
+
+Documentation/README
+ Guide to the other documents in the Documentation/ directory.
+
+linux-kernel.bell
+ Categorizes the relevant instructions, including memory
+ references, memory barriers, atomic read-modify-write operations,
+ lock acquisition/release, and RCU operations.
+
+ More formally, this file (1) lists the subtypes of the various
+ event types used by the memory model and (2) performs RCU
+ read-side critical section nesting analysis.
+
+linux-kernel.cat
+ Specifies what reorderings are forbidden by memory references,
+ memory barriers, atomic read-modify-write operations, and RCU.
+
+ More formally, this file specifies what executions are forbidden
+ by the memory model. Allowed executions are those which
+ satisfy the model's "coherence", "atomic", "happens-before",
+ "propagation", and "rcu" axioms, which are defined in the file.
+
+linux-kernel.cfg
+ Convenience file that gathers the common-case herd7 command-line
+ arguments.
+
+linux-kernel.def
+ Maps from C-like syntax to herd7's internal litmus-test
+ instruction-set architecture.
+
+litmus-tests
+ Directory containing a few representative litmus tests, which
+ are listed in litmus-tests/README. A great deal more litmus
+ tests are available at https://github.com/paulmckrcu/litmus.
+
+ By "representative", it means the one in the litmus-tests
+ directory is:
+
+ 1) simple, the number of threads should be relatively
+ small and each thread function should be relatively
+ simple.
+ 2) orthogonal, there should be no two litmus tests
+ describing the same aspect of the memory model.
+ 3) textbook, developers can easily copy-paste-modify
+ the litmus tests to use the patterns on their own
+ code.
+
+lock.cat
+ Provides a front-end analysis of lock acquisition and release,
+ for example, associating a lock acquisition with the preceding
+ and following releases and checking for self-deadlock.
+
+ More formally, this file defines a performance-enhanced scheme
+ for generation of the possible reads-from and coherence order
+ relations on the locking primitives.
+
+README
+ This file.
+
+scripts Various scripts, see scripts/README.